Attempts To Change Electoral College System - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1531 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/06/13 Category Politics Essay Level High school Topics: Electoral College Essay Did you like this example? The preamble to the Constitution of the United States begins with the recognizable phrase, We the people, implying that the form of government laid out in the constitution will be representative of the peoplers will. The formation of the Electoral College in Article II, Section 1, leads to the conclusion that this may only indirectly be the case. The establishment of the Electoral College was the result of compromise as the members of the Constitutional Convention struggled to determine how the President would be elected. While some Founders called for a popular vote, most were at best, reluctant Democrats (Jillson pg. 21). Many did not believe that the common people capable of making the best choice for such an important office in the newly formed government. The Brearley Committee was formed to resolve how the President would be elected. The Brearley Committee proposed that an Electoral College be formed to vote for the President. To balance the interests of large and small states, the Electoral college would give one electoral vote to each state for the for each of the members that state has in Congress. A simple majority would decide the victor. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Attempts To Change Electoral College System" essay for you Create order The original proposal provided that the Senate, in which state representation was equal would select the President from the top five candidates should the Electoral College not reach a majority. When objections that the addition of this power to the Senate made it resemble the aristocracy of Great Britain that America had revolted against, it was decided that the final vote would be made by the House. While the Constitution establishes the Electoral College the states are free to determine the manner in which electors are appointed. There are currently 538 electors in the Electoral College, one for each member of the House of Representatives and the Senate, as well as three who are designated for the District of Columbia. The three additional votes for the District of Columbia were added in 1961 with the ratification of the 23rd Amendment. Despite its name, the electoral college is not a place. (What is the Electoral College,2018). Instead, it is a method that the founding fathers created as a compromise between those who believed that the president should be elected by Congress and those who believed the president should be elected by a popular vote. Many people tend to forget that the Electoral College was created to ensure fairness and is written into the constitution, often misunderstanding what it can and cannot do. To put things into perspective: a voter in Wyoming has over three times as much power in the Electoral College as a voter in California. For every 134,783 people, they get one electoral college vote, while in California 1 vote represents 410,647 people. California has 55 total votes in the the college but in a winner takes all system if 22 electoral college goes to Republican and the rest to Democrat, the staters electoral votes are all Democrat. However, the Electoral College did not always work fairly or in the way, it was meant to. For most of the course of American history, the Electoral College has reflected the views of the populous and the Electoral College results have matched the popular vote. There have been seven instances when the Electoral College either did not produce a majority winner, did not agree with the popular vote or produced an otherwise disputed result. In the election of 1796 electors voted for two candidates without differentiating between the office of President and Vice-President. The candidate who received the majority of electoral votes became the President and the candidate with the next highest number of votes became Vice-President. This election resulted in John Adams becoming President and Thomas Jefferson who ran against him becoming Vice-President. Problems began to arise in elections, most notably in the elections of 1796 and 1800. The election of 1800 showed John Adams and Thomas Jefferson faced off again. This time Jefferson and his running mate Aaron Burr received the same number of electoral votes and the decision was pass to the House of Representatives where Jefferson won ten states becoming President. The elections of 1800 of 1804 led to the ratification of the 12th Amendment in 1804 which called for the electors to cast two votes distinguishing between votes for President and Vice-President and gave constitutionality to the process by which the offices of both with be decided in the event an electoral majority was not achieved thereby solving the complications of the prior two elections. There have been other attempts to change the system, but the closest Congress has come to trying to amend the Electoral College after 1804 have failed to pass the Senate (Electoral College Fast Facts, 2018). The most notable attempt w as made in 1969, which proposed the direct election of a President and Vice President, requiring a run off when neither candidate received more than 40% of the vote (Electoral College Fast Facts, 2018). This proposed resolution made it past the House of Representatives but sadly failed to pass the Senate. The election of 1824 presented a new problem, John Quincy Adams received fewer electoral votes and fewer popular election votes than opposition candidate Andrew Jackson. Since neither received the necessary majority for an Electoral College win the decision was again referred to the House. As stipulated by the 12th amendment the House now had to choose from among the top three candidates, Adams, Jackson and Crawford. The House elected John Quincy Adams President. The election of 1836 resulted in the Vice-Presidential candidate Richard Johnson missing the majority of electoral votes by one. Per the 12th Amendment, the election was referred to the Senate where Johnson was elected. Today, if in the event that the Electoral Colleges is in deadlock or if no candidate receives majority votes, a contingent election will be held (Electoral College Fast Facts, 2018). In this case, the election of the president goes to the House of Representatives. Each state casts one vote for one of the top candidates to select the winner. Only two presidential elections have been decided in the house; once in 1800, and again in 1824 (Electoral College Fast Facts, 2018). In the election of 1876 twenty electoral votes from four states were disputed by Congress and referred to a bipartisan Electoral Commission for resolution of the election. Though Samuel Tilden missed the electoral majority by one vote and won the popular election the commission awarded all twenty disputed votes to Rutherford B. Hayes and he was declared a winner by 185-184 electoral votes. While some may know a bit of how the electoral college votes, there is little known about who these so-called electors are or how they are chosen. Article II, section 1, clause 2 states that electors cannot be a Senator or representative or anyone holding an Office of Trust or Profit under the United States may become an elector (About the Electors, 2018). The selection of these electors is a two-part process. The first part of the process is controlled by political parties in each state. The parties nominate electors at state party conventions or they are chosen by a vote through the central committee (About the Electors, 2018). This results in the presidential candidate having a different set of electors in every election. The second step of electing electors takes place on elections day when votes are cast for the next presidential candidate. When people vote, they are actually voting to select their staters electors. In 24 states the Electoral College can vote for whoever they want to. There is no Constitutional provision or Federal Law that requires electors to vote according to the results of the popular vote in their states. Some states, however, require Electors to cast their votes according to the popular vote (About the Electors, 2018). Usually, the electors stay true to their party values in voting for a candidate, but they are not required to. Electors who have pledged to vote for a candidate but end up not are called faithless electors, but more than 99% of electors vote as they have pledged (About the Electors, 2018). In the past presidential election of 2016, the question of how the Electoral College actually worked came into question. Before this election, it seemed that paid no attention to how the president was elected, they assumed that whichever candidate received the most votes automatically won. This, however, is not the case. When Hillary Clinton won the popular vote but lost the Electoral vote, the nation was baffled. How did that seem fair at all? Claims being made such as Russia hacking the election may or may not be plausible explanations for this, but this is not the first time in history a candidate has won the popular vote and lost the Electoral vote. In 1824, Andrew Jackson won the popular vote and lost the Electoral vote, as did Samuel Tilden in 1876, Grover Cleveland in 1888, and Al Gore in 2000 (Revesz, 2016). Instances like these plant the seed of doubt in the minds of the American people. How can the US still be considered a legitimate democracy if the votes cast do not truly equate to voting for a candidate, but voting for an elector to choose a particular candidate? Attempts to change the Electoral College system have not been successful, but who knows what the future of voting holds in store for the United States?

Communism And Its Impact On Society - 1499 Words

Communism is perhaps one of the most controversial political ideas in society. When most people think of communism, most likely the first thing that they will think of is Russia and the Soviets. Yes, the Soviets did have a vast part of the developing of communist ideas, but there is a lot more to that. Since Karl Marx and his colleague Friedrich Engels first came up with the ideas of communism, it has grown to be one of the most frequent topics in world history. Communism has died down since its peak in the Fifties and Sixties after World War II, but the impact will be marked in history books forever. Now what exactly is this complex political idea? Communism describes a society in which every member owns their resources and wealth and products are equally distributed to every citizen in a society (Thompson 297). Basically, everyone in a communist society is at an equal economic class, there is no first, second, and third class families as in democracy. Many people also mix up a simi lar idea known as socialism, and often use their ideas in interchanging ways. Communism is an extreme version of socialism that refers to an economic and political system (â€Å"The Basics of†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). Socialism is, however, just an economic system. Both socialism and communism have their own ideas, but are relatively similar. Communism is followed today in countries in Asia and ninety miles south of Florida in Cuba. These countries have their own versions of communism, and many past figures of formerShow MoreRelatedCommunism And Its Impact On Society And The Production Of Good And Society Essay1945 Words   |  8 PagesCommunism, the idea I will be looking at the theory of communism, which describes an end to bourgeoisie (private) property, according to Marx. I will argue that it is not a defensible utopia. I accept that we may not have had a true communist nation, but this highlights the unrealistic nature of communist, rather than its inevitability as Marx believed. Simil arly I will argue the nature of communism as described by Marx necessarily leads to centralised planning, as market relations are abolishedRead MoreMarxism And Communism753 Words   |  4 PagesIn the western world, people view communism as a conquered historical ideology, but communism continues to influence the world today. China, the fourth largest country on the earth, displays the label of communism today. Communism is a ‘classless’ ideology in which all property is owned by a large community and each person receives according to their needs and abilities. Communism is a set of ideas including several different variations and schemes on the philosophy. However, the most accepted andRead Moredoc 11148 Words   |  5 Pagestime in history where there was hostility between many different countries. The one most notable was the hostility between the Soviet Union and United States, the fight between Communism and Capitalism. As the most dominant country the U.S. offer ed assistance to countries threatened by Communism. They felt that Communism was wrong and was not the right way to run a government. Between the years 1945 and 1980 the United States and Soviet Union’s relationship was ruined, which caused a lot of distrustRead MoreCommunism and Popular Culture Essay1510 Words   |  7 Pagesover the subject of communism during the Cold War era. Historian Stephen J. Whitfield writes his secondary source entitled, â€Å"The Culture of the Cold War† which presents a detailed analysis pertaining to the lives of Americans on both sides of the political spectrum of anti-communism during the 1950s in United States. Questions arise that carry significance to cultural and social growth during the period: How was communism threatening the US and why? What did the threat of communism do to the cultureRead MoreWwii And The Cold War875 Words   |  4 Pagesimportant wars in the history of the world. They both had a important role in the develop ment of the world. The Cold War impacted society and politics more so than WWII by aiding countries in hopes of making them join their regime, the use of propaganda techniques to portray the other superpower as weak, the fear of annihilation due to nuclear weapons, and the war between communism and democracy. After WWII, much of Europe was left in ruins and millions of people were left homeless and jobless. SoonRead MoreAn Analysis Of Niccolo Machiavelli s The Prince 941 Words   |  4 PagesNiccolo Machiavelli and Karl Marx developed theories concerning wealth and poverty in our society, as well as different types of governments. For instance, Machiavelli supported a capitalist economic system, unlike Marx, who embraced socialism in the society. Machiavelli wrote a book The Prince that explained how to be an effective leader. The theme of the book is the end justifies the means. A person could or should do whatever is necessary to achieve the desired goal. According to MachiavelliRead MoreThe Great Depression Of The Twentieth Century1423 Words   |  6 Pagesthat erected in this time period, the communist movement is often forgotten. The change in political platforms, inspired by the Theory of Communism by Karl Marx was theoretically perfect. However when ____ (number of countries th at used communism) adopted communism, its universal failure resulted in the misunderstanding and contempt of human nature . Communism was well designed for military strength and intimidation , which explained the violence and fear that emerged out of this movement. NorthRead MoreThe Soviet Union During The Cold War999 Words   |  4 PagesThe emergence of the Cold War with the Soviet Union had far reaching impacts on American society, including hindering the pace of social reform in the United States. While some aspects of the Cold War may have helped promote certain social reforms, the net impact, deterred inevitable social reforms. Tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War induced a fear of communism in Americans that had numerous effects on American policies. McCarthyism, a period of controversialRead MoreInteraction between Communism and Nazism and Their Societies Different Beliefs864 Words   |  4 Pageshow were the interactions between Communism and Nazism and their societies different.Communism and Nazism are two different political ideologies and these were two basic types of Totalitarian systems in Europe. They have different aims and beliefs of their leading political parties. They have different s ystems of government in which only one political party takes control of the state and holds total authority. Russia was the first country that introduced Communism. The October Revolution of 1917 putRead MoreMachiavelli, Locke, And Marx1369 Words   |  6 Pagesprinciples in our society since the beginning of time and because action is preceded by thought, these two go hand in hand. Every choice we make is based on our thinking process, differentiating between what is good or bad, and contemplating cause and effect. Machiavelli, Locke, and Marx all have distinct conceptions of human nature, which has led to a variety of conclusions regarding the political structures of society that still have resonance today, which goes to show how much of an impact their theories

Lawyers, Scientists Urge Ethics in Biological Advances Free Essays

In this news article, the concerns of scientists toward an amoral approach to the advances of biological sciences and engineering are examined. Much of the article centers on a keynote address delivered by Harvard Law School professor Einer Elhauge where the professor states â€Å"The issue is that people tend not to focus on the consequences of certain forms of human re-engineering.† The professor goes on to comment that the great strides in biological science may yield a great number of advances in helping humanity overcome a number of diseases and afflictions, but he also acknowledges that there is great potential for abuse. We will write a custom essay sample on Lawyers, Scientists Urge Ethics in Biological Advances or any similar topic only for you Order Now Examples of such abuse include issues such as altering the sex of a child in the womb or even a deaf family biologically engineering the deafness of their offspring. Ultimately, the Elhuage’s focus is to convince the scientific community that, even though it has biological technology to alter evolution, it should use ethical standards before embarking on the proverbial â€Å"playing God† concept that Mary Shelly warned science about 250+ years ago. To a great degree, the article is accurate in terms of its presentation and call for moral and ethical consciousness. Just because science reaches the technological or biological advances of a highly evolved society does not mean that science can now re-orchestrate what is considered morally acceptable in the hearts and minds of the population. As such, science should understand the limits of ethical and moral behavior and not approach advancements with total mindlessness and amorality. Congressman Calls out Tech Firms on China Ethics. The bulk of the purpose of this article is to put the onus on American and international businesses to reconsider their actions when empowering China by conducting extensive business with the nation. In the article, it is reported that Congressman Chris Smith has taken internet companies such as Yahoo, Google, Sysco Systems, etc to task for going along with China’s internet censorship program. This may not seem like an entirely important issue, but one needs to keep in mind that China is primarily a military-industrial complex dictatorship that has a horrible record for human rights violations. As Smith points out, when American businesses work in tandem with nations with such abominable track records they enable such dictatorships and help perpetuate significant human rights violations. Furthermore, it is noted that journalists in China have been censured and punished and imprisoned for exercising their free speech. Smith suggests that American businesses that contribute to such a scenario should be fined and sanctioned. What Smith is essentially doing here is he is compelling American companies to conform to ethical standards of behavior and that is commendable. However, these companies have limited ability in terms of being able to shape domestic Chinese law. Furthermore, in such a highly competitive international business environment, it is difficult to impose ethics as defined by one nation onto another nation, no matter how noble the cause. Smith’s statements are commendable, but it is not entirely clear if they will be successful. Ethics board fines Dow for giving state workers airplane ride As the title of the article infers, the center of the ethics controversy this article deals with is a fine levied at Dow Chemicals to the tune of $2,500.00 for flying three state college employees to an out of state training program. At the time of the issue of contention, Dow was launching a co-operative training program with the state college (Louisiana Community and Technical College) and provided free airline tickets to employees for meeting purposes. This, however, was a violation of state ethic laws, hence the fine. This scenario strikes one as, well, silly. For Dow to compensate the airline tickets of three state workers so all parties can hash out a co-operative venture hardly seems like unethical behavior, although it is defined as such under state ethics laws. While the whole scenario comes off as much ado about nothing (actually, $2500 to a multi-billion dollar company such as Dow is basically nothing), it technically is a violation of state laws and the levied fine is valid. However, it does not seem like any real, serious ethical violations actually took place. If anything, the situation appears more like an error as the result of an oversight as opposed to a deliberate ethical violation. Oversights, however, are not an excuse for not following directions. In that regard, the decision against Dow was valid and the fine levied justified. Bibliography Anon. (2007, February 9) Ethics board fines Dow for giving state workers airplane ride. The Associated Press.   Retrieved February 12, 2007 from http://money.aol.com/news/ articles/_a/ ethics-board-fines-dow-for-giving-state/n20070209095709990003 Schwankert, Steven.   (2007, February 12) Congressman Calls out Tech Firms on China Ethics. IDG News Service, Retrieved February 12, 2007, from http://www.infoworld.com//07/02/12/HNcongressmanchinaethics_1.html/ article/ sourcedomain =www.dailyfreepress.com MIIHost=media.collegepublisher.com Zerey, Ralpha. (2007, February 12) Lawyers, Scientists Urge Ethics in Biological Advances. The Daily Free Press. Retrieved February 12, 2007, from http://media.www.dailyfreepress.com/media/storage/paper87/news/2007/02/12/ News/Lawyers.Scientists.Urge.Ethics.In.Biological.Advances-2712941.shtml? How to cite Lawyers, Scientists Urge Ethics in Biological Advances, Essay examples

Effects of Global Economics for Production - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theEffects of Global Economics for Production. Answer: Global economics is the international exchange of goods and services that are usually expressed in monetary units. World economy acts as a simple total of the different country measurements. Over the least standards concerning values in production, use and the exchange of meanings representations and valuations of world economy vary widely as different states have different agendas in some of the aspects brought up by the economics growth in the countries and are mostly governed by the top bodies that try make it a neutral ground for trying to ensure that most countries follow up on the discussed agendas and that they fully play part in achieving the set targets (Anto?nopoulos, 2000). The limiting of world economy questions to only human economic activities where the economy is looked at from the perspective of running in monetary terms, this happens in cases where there is no sure to use efficient market that can be used to help evaluate specific goods and services (Carbaugh, 2010). On shifting global economic landscape the assumption that is of changing the policies mix under new bodies of administrations, the staff now project some near-term stimuli which tend to lead to the gradual normalisation of the monetary policy. There are risks to the global growth outlook that are two faced in that they are deemed to have problems that are seen as to occur over a period of time some of this risk involve, a consensus on cross-border economic integration this brings about the aspect of a widening imbalance in the global aspect which causes sharp exchange movements which if they occur would further build about protectionist intensities due to pressure. This acts negatively to an economy as it breaks the proper flow of income to the economy and also cuts short the aspect of productivity of a country thereby causing ripples in the market as it hurts the market policies that are in place. There is also the angle of having lower growth rates and getting negative implications on the debt dynamics this is so as it occurs when the balance sheets remain in an unprepared manner thereby having the term of impaired this causes the countries to have inadequate progress on reforms wanting to be taken in place. In an in-depth research on the large market, there are underlying factors that work against the economy I that they have high corporate debts and a declining profitability margin all these show that the economies are still exposed and are having troubles sorting the economic crisis on their end (Carbaugh, 2010). Some economies tend to even hurt their economy even more by having low commodity prices and growth policies in terms of expansion policies all these goes back and causes vulnerability as it makes the situation be of precarious economy thereby being quite volatile. Another risk that is faced is the geopolitical aspect which weighs in on the outlook for various regions in which it targets the civil war riddled countries mostly in the middle east. the aspects of war and droughts experienced in this country causes hardships in the directly affected countries as the problems being encountered act as geopolitical tensions and hurts the confidence of a countries economy (Anto?nopoulos, 2000). The Geopolitical Recession: It is known as the geopolitical recession as it highlights it as the year where it has been most volatile in terms of being a political risk environment. this starts off with independent America which is brought up by the policy of America first that was put in philosophy by president Donald Trump who in his pledge says he wants to make the country great. Here it is seen as that when this action happens it shall cause ripples in the global economy as it aides many countries that have organisations that help them in retrospect the head of state to the worlds super power wants this to be done so as there is no angle of comparative weakness (Henning, 2012). He does not trust the globalist multinational corporations in that he deems them to be fraudulent and also that they do not support uplift of American workers. Here the risks in this step are the problems that would arise from having an absent super power this leads to competing states and non-actors to have much more conflict. Anoth er risk is the expansive weakening of institutional architecture. There is the risk of China overreacting this is due to the upcoming of the power consolidation as the leader will be under pressure as he is expected to foresee his countries interests are adhered to and here all peoples eyes will be on him to see whether there is avid tension between his country and that of the US. He is also to challenge the foreign policies inflicted by his country. Another risk is the weaker market this is in the wave of political risks in Europe which are due to disputes over Brexit which can deepen the fruit of mistrust between some of the countries. So here it is seen that she should win the sit and strive to achieve a good relation so as to encourage a positive economic boost (Henning, 2012). Another angle in all this is by virtue of technology and the middle east. Technology is a huge force for economic growth and expansively, but also harbours the ideology of political instability which is used to describe the aspect of technology as the middle east countries do not encourage for technology advancements thereby making their economies to develop at a very slow rate. This negatively affects the country but they refuse to allow such things due to aspect of having energy thus minimizing technology allows the state to control the people and have their loyalty, the other point is connectivity this they cut of via cutting off technology as this are the routes that terrorist of the state communicate and meet to plan how to destroy the nation thus cutting of these things proves a better deal rather than risking. Global economies have grown and diversified what has required a safe house in terms of countries to come to agreements for the sake of the environment and work hand in hand so as to restore the climate and to live well without having misunderstandings that can cause loss of life due to omissions of fundings (Anto?nopoulos, 2000). References Carbaugh, (2010).Global economics. Mason, Ohio: South-Western. Conference on Global Economic Crisis: Impacts, Transmission and Recovery, Obstfeld, M. (2012).Global economic crisis: Impacts, transmission and recovery. Anto?nopoulos, (2010).Genomics: Global economics. New York: Xlibris Corp. In Tavidze, (2014).Global economics: New research. New York, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Williamson Henning, (2012).Global economics in extraordinary times: Essays in honor of John Williamson. Washington, D.C: Peterson Institute for International Economics. Aaron, (2007).Global economics: A history of the theater business, the Chamberlain's/King's Men, and their plays, 1599-1642. Newark: University of Delaware Press. DK Publishing, Inc.,. (2012).The economics book. Stretton, H. (1999).Economics: A new introduction. London: Pluto Press.

Winston churchill their finest hour free essay sample

Winston Churchill In perhaps his most moving speech during World War II, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill delivered this address in the House of Commons on June 18, 1940, vowing to lead the British people in a fight against the Nazis, Winston Churchill’s: Their finest hour, rallied the British nation in mounting a formidable defense against the Nazi’s control. Churchill is able to do this through his tone, organization and syntax. Winston Churchill was perhaps one of the greatest public speakers in history. Although Churchill delivered many speeches, his speech on June 18TH, 1940 showed the most emotion and courage of any other he told. In this speech, he explained that the war in France is over and the war in Britain would begin. On May 10, 1940, Nazi Germany began a massive attack against Holland, Belgium, Luxemburg and France. Britain defended these countries. The Germans relied on an aggressive battle plan, utilizing modern communications, the allies including Britain still relied on hand delivered messages. We will write a custom essay sample on Winston churchill their finest hour or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As a result, the German Blitzkrieg caught the allies off guard. After a few weeks of battle, Hitler’s armies conquered Holland, Luxemburg and Belgium. France requested an armistice, Britain now stood alone and it was Churchill’s speech that led the British into victory. (â€Å"Winston Churchill-Biographical† Nobelprize) Winston Churchill was born November, 30 1874, in Blenheim Palace. He was born into a wealthy family who treated Winston to a rich lifestyle. In 1893 Churchill entered the Royal Military College as a cadet, from here on he rose to the top ranks commanded with great authority. He began to have political speeches at the age of twenty-three (â€Å"This was their Finest Hour† Wikipedia). However, his Finest Hour speech can be argued as one of his best speeches given in a time of imminent war. The purpose of this speech was to show the members of the Commons that we must fight this war and win, for if England shall lose the rest of the rest of the world shall lose. Winston explained this in the last part of his speech. â€Å" If we can stand up to him, all Europe may be free and the life of the world may move forward into broad, sunlit uplands. But if we fail, then the whole world, including the United States, including all that we have known and cared for, will sink into the abyss of a new Dark Age made more sinister, and perhaps more protracted, by the lights of perverted science. Let us therefore brace ourselves to our duties and so bear ourselves that, if the British Empire and its Commonwealth last for a thousand years, men will say, ‘This was their finest hour’†(Winston 5,6). This speech was written in chronological order. He firsts starts off talking about British efforts in France and the battles that were fought around the area, and then ends the speech by noting the war now lye on the British navy and army. The structure of the speech is cause and effect, he states that British conditions have worsened and he states that this is because Hitler has conquered most of the western coast of Europe and is threatening to invade Europe. If there is one thing that Churchill makes very clear throughout this speech is the adamancy of which England must fight the war, there is nothing that Hitler would not do, â€Å"Untiring vigilance and untiring searching of the mind is being, and must be, devoted to the subject, because, remember, the enemy is crafty and there is no dirty trick he will not do†(Winston 3). Churchill will not submit to tyranny. â€Å" There are a good many people who say ‘Never mind. Win or lose, sink or swim, better die then submit to tyranny- and such a tyranny.’ And I do not dissociate myself from them† (Winston 4). Winston Churchill’s speech was very well organized with specific arguments and accurate data, which explained how Britain would win the war. â€Å"†¦ the British Empire to fight on†¦ During the last few days we have successfully brought off the great majority of the troops we had on the lines of communication in France; and seven-eighths of the troops we have sent to France since the beginning of the war- that is to say, about 350,000 out of 400,000 men- are safely back in this country. Others are still fighting with the French, and fighting with considerable success†¦ We have, therefore, in this island today a very large and powerful military force† (Winston 1,2). Winston Churchill’s speeches are known for his tone and emotion that he portrays throughout them, this speech is no different. Churchill explained, â€Å" Hitler knows that he will have to break us in this island or lose the war. If we can stand up to him, all Europe may be free and the life of the world may move forward into broad, sunlit uplands†(The Art of Presentation). Words like â€Å"free, move forward and sunlit uplands† are phrases that help the citizens to feel more powerful and hopeful, and that the war would move in a positive direction. When Churchill speaks of the Navy, he shows that he is knowledgeable and knows how to defeat the Nazi Germany. He uses a formal tone throughout this speech, mainly so the listeners will understand the seriousness of the war, but also because he needs to convince them to fight the war. Churchill does not use sophisticated language, in fact most of the words he uses are simple but these words pack emotion- words such as â€Å"victory, evil, tyranny, lost, lose and win† these words evoke an emotion that rallies the British nation against Germany because even the uneducated are able to understand the imperative need to win this war. Winston Churchill also structured this speech so that the point was not made until the very end, he gives background and information and proves his point before saying what it is, this forces the listener and reader to hear the facts and determine for themselves why Britain must fight Germany. Putting the sentence â€Å" This was their finest hour† lights a spark under people and excites them about how tyranny will fall and democracy will prevail. It is the job of the people to protect and preserve the world, as they know it. If they succeed, their sacrifice will go down in history as their finest hour.

Free Essays on Time Is Life

1."Time is life and life is time." Discuss the meaning of this statement. The word time can be used in at least three different ways. The one most referred to is clock time or chronological time. We organize our day around the geometry of clocks, which are synchronized to movements of the Sun. Another kind of time is real time. That is "matter- in- motion" or the sequence of events occurring in the real world. We use this type of time to answer questions such as "how long does it take...?". Subjective time is the only kind of time that we have a clear understanding of. Christian states that subjective time is "...our individual experience of the continuum of our consciousness". Meaning that time exists in our consciousness. In our consciousness, time is variable. Depending on certain physiological phenomena, our perception of time can "slow down" or "speed up" in relation to chronological time. When you are bored time seems to pass very slowly, but when you are active or enjoying yourself time flys by. But in actuality the same amount of clock time passes regardless of your perception of it. In the Western world we tend to objectify time and think of it as a medium in which objects/ events occur. We find it difficult to think of time apart from real world objects and events. Time and content are not the same. Time is the continuum of consciousness, without content. This implies that if there were no experiencers or conscious minds, there could be no time. This also implies that before life on earth existed there was no time, and, if life on earth were to cease to exist there would be no more time. One way that we tend to think of time is in the context of past, present, and future. The past only exists as it is re-created in our consciousness. Influences from the past can still exist in the present. The future is defined as the expectation that we will continue to experience "presents" and is the e... Free Essays on Time Is Life Free Essays on Time Is Life 1."Time is life and life is time." Discuss the meaning of this statement. The word time can be used in at least three different ways. The one most referred to is clock time or chronological time. We organize our day around the geometry of clocks, which are synchronized to movements of the Sun. Another kind of time is real time. That is "matter- in- motion" or the sequence of events occurring in the real world. We use this type of time to answer questions such as "how long does it take...?". Subjective time is the only kind of time that we have a clear understanding of. Christian states that subjective time is "...our individual experience of the continuum of our consciousness". Meaning that time exists in our consciousness. In our consciousness, time is variable. Depending on certain physiological phenomena, our perception of time can "slow down" or "speed up" in relation to chronological time. When you are bored time seems to pass very slowly, but when you are active or enjoying yourself time flys by. But in actuality the same amount of clock time passes regardless of your perception of it. In the Western world we tend to objectify time and think of it as a medium in which objects/ events occur. We find it difficult to think of time apart from real world objects and events. Time and content are not the same. Time is the continuum of consciousness, without content. This implies that if there were no experiencers or conscious minds, there could be no time. This also implies that before life on earth existed there was no time, and, if life on earth were to cease to exist there would be no more time. One way that we tend to think of time is in the context of past, present, and future. The past only exists as it is re-created in our consciousness. Influences from the past can still exist in the present. The future is defined as the expectation that we will continue to experience "presents" and is the e...

Business Research Applications Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business Research Applications Paper - Essay Example Research happens to be an integral part of any science and medicine related company. Merck & Co., Inc. is also a global research-driven pharmaceutical company. Established in 1891, Merck discovers, develops, manufactures and markets vaccines and medicines to address unmet medical needs. The stated mission1 of Merck is, "To provide society with superior products and services by developing innovations and solutions that improve the quality of life and satisfy customer needs, and to provide employees with meaningful work and advancement opportunities, and investors with a superior rate of return." With this mission the company has been carrying on the producing medicines for different needs. Core values with which the company operates its business are; v. Recognizing that the ability to excel -- to most competitively meet society's and customers' needs -- depends on the integrity, knowledge, imagination, skill, diversity and teamwork of company's employees. Company has affirmed its respect to these qualities and how it values these qualities most highly. Traditionally 'maximizing' profits has been considered to be the objective of any organization. Not any more.This criteria has been discarded. Now organizations are supposed to have multiple objectives, monetary as well as non-monetary. There are short-term objectives as well as long-term ones. Research is an important tool for long term objective strategies. It helps in value creation as well. Value addition is one of the best strategies to take on the competitors. The term "value" can be defined in different ways according to the adopted perspective of the analysis: it is possible to determine a "customer value", a "firm value", a "stakeholder value" (Mele and Colurci, 2006). Research Activities at Merck Merck has a shown its commitment to research and developmental activities. For example the company invested $4.8 billion towards Research and development investment in the year 2006. In a pioneering effort Merck has associated itself with HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN), an international collaboration of scientists and institutions sharing all their trials and results in the field of aids medicine. This network is actively pursuing the research headed towards discovering a medicine for Aids. This network shares trial results of researches being carried out by different companies and scientist organisations. The HVTN also facilitates parallel and concurrent testing of the effects of new experiments and medicines. The HVTN is a unique hybrid combining the depth and diversity of the academic community and the flexibility of a commercial drug company like Merck. Working with industry and government, the HVTN seeks to expedite and coordinate the trial process, advancing vaccine candidat es and building a body of knowledge about HIV vaccine trials. This network is the most ambitious one in the industry with

The difference between coaching and psychotherapy Essay

The difference between coaching and psychotherapy - Essay Example In coaching, the practitioner helps its clients to access those information, skills and wisdom that they already have to make decisions, about which changes they would like to make; to develop a personal "action plan" in order to make those changes, to implement the action plan, and lastly to develop strategies to maintain the changes they make. The client will have to set the agenda for coaching. Psychotherapy, on the other hand, is a health care service focusing on identifying and treating diagnosable psychological disorders. The goals of psychotherapy include awakening hope, re-accessing mental well-being and encouraging changes that support mental well-being. Coaching uses variety of techniques and practices to help clients quickly produce desired results even more than they would do on their own. Psychotherapy also has techniques to help their clients but it is a slow process. The focus of coaching is on results as opposed to symptoms or psychology, yet clearly coaching is about relating to and impacting people. Therapy, while it should and will often create results, focuses on healing psychological or situational pain or distress. Typical reasons people seek coaching are: to clarify goals, to start something new, to create and execute one's vision, when life is out of balance when one cannot enjoy their success and when one is in transition. These are not "medically necessary" reasons but all potentially will be life enhancing. Traditional psychodynamic psychotherapy is past-based, working on feelings and events that have already occurred. Coaching may also focus specifically on areas which therapy would not, such as balance, strategic planning or life planning. These might be the product of a successful psychotherapy but not the focus. Coaching is collaboration between coach and client. Therapy is an expert relationship in which the therapist has greater power. Increasingly therapy is a three-way relationship in which an insurance company knows the client's issues and has a say. Coaching is future-oriented and designed to move the client towards an outcome. It can also be process oriented. Psychotherapy is process oriented. Coaches cannot take up the tasks of therapy. There is a need of lot of technical work. Therapists can and frequently do "coach" their clients - particularly in long-term relationships after the major psychological work has been done. Therapists, in fact, can be the best coaches because of their training in listening skills A coach will sometimes guide individuals toward increased awareness of how their thoughts and emotional reactions lead to problematic behaviors in the workplace. Therapy may share coaching's goals of improved personal effectiveness and increased awareness of problematic thoughts and emotional reactions that may impede work effectiveness. But therapy also addresses non-work aspects of an individual's life and may involve in-depth explorations of the client's history, and their key relationships with parents and other family members - issues that may be only tangentially related to business effectiveness. The coach training offerings vary from a few days to a full year. In order to take on the deeper self exploration common to the therapeutic situation counselors and therapists require an extensive training typically far in excess of coach training. Psychotherapy and counseling

Salesperson characteristics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Salesperson characteristics - Essay Example Interpersonal expectancy effects research focuses on how one individual's expectations influence another individual's behavior. Also known as self-fulfilling prophecies, interpersonal expectancy effects have been shown to be a significant phenomenon in human interaction. Assessments of participants' behavior during the interaction (e.g., time spent talking) and perceptions (e.g., self-report items reflecting participants' liking for each other) revealed that prior expectations affected buyer-seller interactions. Thus, as Arthur Miller mentioned not smiling back means a real earthquake. During the course of daily lives, individuals encounter a multitude of objects. In fact, they are bombarded by a diverse array of stimuli and forced to make innumerable decisions about which to approach and which to avoid. These stimuli include not only such physical objects as foods, clothing, and toys but also other people, events, and activities (Furnham 1999, 44). Moreover, societal matters, as well as conversations with others, often require that individuals adopt a position regarding various social and political issues. Thus, merely proceeding through a day involves individuals making a continuous series of choices based on their appraisals of objects (Furnham 1999, 23). When considered in this way, daily existence appears to be astoundingly burdensome. One can readily imagine an individual who is paralyzed by the need to assess and then weigh the pros and cons of the choice alternatives for each successive decision. Yet, few people - at least not those who can be considered mentally healthy - experience day-to-day life as so phenomenologically troublesome. How do we manage We are extremely adaptive creatures who have the capacity to learn from experience. We have memory for these experiences. We develop and remember vast storehouses of knowledge regarding the attributes that characterize the objects, people, issues, and events that we either encounter directly or learn about indirectly from others. As helpful as this knowledge base might be, however, it represents only an initial step toward individuals' successful coping with the multitude of stimuli that impinge on them. Having knowledge regarding a given object available in memory provides a basis for choice, but still requires that individuals engage in extensive and effortful deliberation. They must retrieve the relevant stored information, consider its implications for approach or avoidance, and integrate those implications into a final judgment (Clarke 1998, 404). Although individuals unquestionably engage in such deliberation at times, even these processes do not seem to capture the ease with which individuals typically function in their daily lives. People do not simply acquire knowledge about the objects in their social world. Instead, individuals employ this knowledge - be it information about the positively and negatively valued attributes of the object, about their past behavioral experiences with the object, and/or about emotions that the object has evoked in the past--as the basis for forming for an attitude toward, or summary evaluation of, the object (Maio & Olson 2000, 359). In other words, individuals categorize objects along an evaluative dimension. It is such categorizations into likes and dislikes - objects that we wish to

Academic And Non Academic Writing English Language Essay

Academic And Non Academic Writing English Language Essay Writing may be categorised as either academic or non-academic. Academic writing is generally used in items such as scholarly essays, business reports and textbooks. In contrast, non-academic writing is commonly employed in newspaper reports, Internet postings and novels. This analysis defines these categories and contrasts them in terms of readership, structure and style. Two extracts, each of which offers perspectives on privacy in the modern world, are utilised to illustrate these differences. The introduction from the book, The Privacy Advocates: Resisting the Spread of Surveillance by Colin J. Bennett is an academic source of writing. Siva Vaidhyanathans online Guardian article, Our Digitally Undying Memories is an exemplar of a non-academic text. The two authors address relatively different readerships. This is reflected in the nature of the publications. Bennetts book is published by Cambridge, a recognised scholarly printing company, while Vaidhyanathans writing appears on a newspaper Website; branding it as non-academic. It is also clear that Vaidhyanathan targets a general audience highlighting a privacy issue which is of everyday public concern, while Bennett is writing for a narrower readership. Bennetts audience would include people who are already familiar with the content of the piece. In this instance, with knowledge of privacy in the modern day including, [] biometric identifiers, the retention of communications traffic data, the use of cookies and spyware by Websites []. Unlike Bennett, Vaidhyanathan addresses a readership of anyone with access to the internet. He does not assume the reader has any prior knowledge of the topic and shares the information around as he invites the reader to form their own opinions an d conclusions. Bennetts extract achieves the opposite. He is directly telling the audience what to think and leaves no time for the reader to develop an opinion. This is done by the utilisation of the impersonal, distant third person. Vaidhyanathan employs first person to include the reader; to draw them in. He uses terms such as, we can be and many of us. This forms a personal relationship between the author and the readers, a hallmark of non-academic writing. Structural differences reinforce the inter-personal nature of non-academic writing. These can be observed at the sentence and paragraph level. Bennetts academic piece incorporates fully-developed and cohesive sentences that combine to create long and logically progressed paragraphs. These paragraphs are made up of a topic sentence, followed by elaboration and then a concluding sentence that links to the next paragraph. This can be seen when Bennett uses phrases such as, surveillance is, therefore and thus to determine. The paragraphs themselves are equally ordered in a hierarchy and the title, Introduction is extremely functional. Finally Bennett uses at least eight sources in the extract and gives multiple references for examples; seven being the largest number appearing together. In Vaidhyanathans writing, the non-academic style becomes highly apparent; the article is more like a conversation. The sentences are commonly fragmented with several alternate lengths. The shortest senten ce at four words, They dont choose us is dwarfed by the longest sentence at forty-two words. This demonstrates the variety that non-academic writing entails. Topic and concluding sentences are rare and there is no real hierarchy or specific logical progression and, while Vaidhyanathan mentions a range of sources, he rarely refers to them directly to back up his ideas. Additionally the title of the piece could not be more different to Bennetts dry, Introduction. Our digitally undying memories is a title that motivates a person to read on. Stylistic contrasts are also apparent in the body of the texts. Bennetts writing maintains a formal tone and often uses technical language. This includes terms such as, ubiquitous realities of contemporary surveillance, journalistic parlance, and culturally and historically contingent. The language is also generally theoretical and concise seen in the example: Privacy advocates operate within a range of institutions. However in Vaidhyanathans article, the general tone is conversational and unlike Bennetts there are attempts at humour throughout the piece. An example of this humour appears when he says, [] yep, I Googled it to find the date []. Also frequent in this extract are contractions such as cant and dont which reinforce the informality of the writing. Colloquialisms such as, most of our stuff are also apparent. The language employed by Vaidhyanathan emphasises casualness. He uses everyday terms that are modern and well known such as Googled, YouTube, and How cool is that? Fina lly, Vaidhyanathan is at times verbose. The information conveyed in the sentence, Judge Sonia Sotomayor discovered the cost of warped perception fed by the permanent archive of trivia when her nomination to the U.S. Supreme Court was saddled by the exploitation of one small YouTube clip [], would have been presented much more concisely in an academic text. Academic and non-academic writing each have their own specific readership, structure and style. The contrasts between the two are evident at the word, sentence and paragraph levels. Academic writing usually incorporates a more formal structure and style and is commonly directed toward a narrow and specific audience. Non-academic writing incorporates a simpler and conversational tone in both structure and style. And while academic readers may need some prior knowledge on the topic, the targeted readers of non-academic writing are a more general group with everyday knowledge.

Teaching - Igniting the Spark in our Learning Community Essay -- Colle

Teaching - Igniting the Spark in our Learning Community I tend to be a talker. I can keep up a good bit of conversation for much longer than my schedule usually allows. The gift of gab is a quality I have learned to apply in numerous different realms, and I intend for it to lead a flow of information in my classroom. The best thing about being a talker is that at any given moment, I am usually armed with half a dozen different ways to say the same thing. I love being able to talk with someone who is having trouble understanding something, and spin the information to him or her in a new way that they can understand. Being able to successfully convey information to someone who has been confused is remarkable to me. So, with my gift, I have been exchanging ideas and information with every community I participate in, from Rock Climbing and Boy Scouts, to Drama and Classrooms. I have found a niche as a teacher able to converse with students in a variety of formats, which affords me the opportunity to participate in the passing of infor mation, and to view its flow into knowledge. Since I was endowed with such an abundance of speech, I have taken a strong interest in language, and the numerous ways that it can be used to convey a variety of information. I feel that each student in my education community should be guided toward their highest goals. Every student that walks in the door has the ability to discover a field that interests him/her, and to develop knowledge in that field. It is my job as a teacher to foster each student’s interests, and provide them with the appropriate tools of language that will allow them to succeed in any field, and thus meet their goals. This is quite easier said than done. I truly ... ...d content can keep learning interesting, and personal for each of my students. Each format will be identified as a tool of language, because information is useless for students if they don’t have a clear guide for applying it. In this WAC-type manner students will be guided to experience how important language is in every field. I believe my conversational ability will help establish this type of a classroom community. This community will benefit from a variety of activities that can illustrate the importance, and numerous uses of our language in any field my students show an interest in. I can spark others in our learning community with my interest in the abilities of language through my conversational skills, that interest can play an integral part in the achievement of the goals of everyone involved with the community at one time or another.

Teachers should assign homework to students

â€Å"Homework†. The mere mention of this word would send groans and moans rippling through the classroom, as if the world has come to an end. Although majority of the students tend to view homework negatively, there are prominent reasons why teachers assign homework despite protests from students, concerned parents and irrational researchers. Although the amount of homework to be assigned is debatable, the good intention of teachers in assigning homework should not be questioned as there are many benefits to doing homework.Firstly, students should be assigned homework as it is platform for students to learn what they have practised. Except for the few geniuses in a cohort, who is able to absorb 100 percent of what they have learnt in class? Although there are many children who are auditory learners, most need further emphasis on the knowledge that they have gained during lessons through visual means, in any case, written homework. Some people believe that when we write down t houghts, ideas, quotes and more, we are actually imprinting them on our brains.Instead of relying on a fleeting memory, this is a much more effective way to contain what we have learnt in school. That is why we need to diligently complete our homework, especially when they are a replication of the content taught in school. Other than benefitting from doing their homework, students benefit from the feedback that they get after their teachers have marked their assignments. Teachers’ main aim when assigning and marking homework is to gauge how much each student has taken away from the lessons delivered and whether or not they fully comprehend what has been taught.Students themselves learn from marked assignments how they fare in the class and how much more effort they have to pour into the topics they are learning. For example, when an essay has been returned, students would know if their proficiency in English is up to standard based on the grade and comments given, and sometim es, the amount of red ink splashed onto their composition. This shows that homework is an effective communication tool between teachers and students in order to boost learning. Furthermore, students acquire discipline and time management skills as they plod through their homework.Just as adults have to complete projects, assignments and proposals in their workplace, so is homework an equivalent task for students. To ensure that they complete their homework, students have to force themselves to put aside the time and order their brains to answer the questions or solve the sums. This constitutes discipline. By following a schedule with enough time to play, rest and spend time with their family and friends, on top of finishing their homework, students will slowly develop their time management skills. Both skills will bring them far as they progress into a stressful and demanding society, such as the one in Singapore.In conclusion, I will still stand by the belief that homework is given for the benefit of students. As a student, homework is my responsibility and as a responsible person, I will make sure I complete my homework to the best of my ability. However, it is important that students are given time to acquire knowledge outside the classroom. Students should not be cooped up all day in a musty study room, learning things in the textbook; they should also pick up social skills through hanging around with friends and life skills such as cooking and repairing household appliances.

Martha Stewart Essay Example

Martha Stewart Essay Example Martha Stewart Essay Martha Stewart Essay On December 27 , 2001 Martha Stewart, Americas beloved housewife, sold her shares of ImClone after she received specific inside information regarding the status of the companies business. A series of events led to an investigation, interviews, indictments, a trial sentencing of Martha Stewart to 5 months in a minimum security prison camp and then 5 months of home confinement. Merril Lynch tipped off the Securities Exchange commission to report the possibility of insider trading on Imclong, and launched the joint investigation with the FBI into whether or not Ms. Stewart committed a crime. I believe that Martha Stewart was guilty of insider trading, lying and conspiring to lie, in order to protect their money. After reading this chapter on Business Ethics, primarily this case involving Ms. Stewart came to the fore front nationally because she violated the Theory of Amorality, which did not match up with her persona. Martha Stewart made a living reaching , unifying and teaching Americans how to live a good Life by doing wholesome, handmade homemaker type projects. Ms. Stewart exemplified the throwback to a time when American women were schooled in their womanhood and station in life by how she kept her home her family taken care of. Generally we think of those times when people were honest and genuinely cared to do what is morally right. Her entire fortune was based on her catch phrase of its a good thing and educating American working women how to take care of their homes and families. Martha Stewart is an incredibly smart and well versed woman and many people respected her because of what she represented. The biggest shock was the reality that she could be much more concerned with her profits and the profits of her company, Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia. She intentionally chose to lie and cover up her actions in order to retain or make money. Since she represented the old fashion or natural way of doing things, it fits with the Theory of Amorality. In the end Ms. Stewart learned a valuable lesson of self preservation at all costs. She was found guilty and lost her freedom because she was no longer acting for the moral good of the community, but for her own selfish purposes. In the end she also tried to weasel out of her sentence and ask for leniency by trying to offer to do public service and then made a public statement suggesting that this was a small personal matter that was blown way out of proportion mean terrible after she found out her sentence. I think she got what was appropriate for her crime, even if she didnt feel it was a crime.

History of Military Police essays

History of Military Police essays For any person that has served in the military in the United States, all would agree that each post is its own little city. With these mini communities dotted through out the United States, and overseas, they need to have their own way of feeling safe, and dealing with lawbreakers. The way, in which every community in the United States does, the military formed the military police corps. This organization acts as the law enforcement of all military posts, assisting and protecting. While the military police corps acts as police officers they also are peacekeepers in war torn countries, correctional officers, and above all, soldiers. The military police have a long and honorable history. Originally starting in the year 1775, along with the establishment of the Continental Army. With the Revolutionary War beginning at the battle of Lexington and Concord, the future military police corps was born. Known as the Provost Corps. General orders sent from General George Washington in January of 1776, he appointed Mr. William Marony as Provost of the Army of the United Colonies. When these orders were given, Mr. Marony was allowed a small provost guard to conduct executions. During these times, desertion was still a serious problem, which was punishable by death. Of the two hundred and twenty-five men sentenced to death for desertion, Provost Marshal Marony and his troops carried at least forty of them out. By the end of the year, in December, Mr. Thomas Bryan replaced Mr. Marony as Provost Marshal of the Army. On May 24th, 1778, General George Washington requested in a letter to Congress for a more organized provost ma rshal. After his requests were made, Congress answered his call for a new organization of the corps. The new provost corps now consisted of one captain, four lieutenants, one clerk, one quartermaster sergeant, two trumpeters, two sergeants, five corporals, forty-three privates, and four ex-carboniers. ...

Human Resource Management. Introduction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Human Resource Management. Introduction - Essay Example "OD is a long range effort to improve organization's problem solving and renewal processes, particularly through more effective and collaborative management of organization culture-with specific emphasis on the culture of formal workteams-with the assistance of a change agent or catalyst and the use of the theory and technology of applied behavioral science including action research" Kurt Lewin (1898 - 1947) is widely recognized as the founding father of OD, although he died before the concept became current in the mid-1950s. From Lewin came the ideas of group dynamics, and action research which underpin the basic OD process as well as providing its collaborative consultant/client ethos. Institutionally, Lewin founded the Research Center for Group Dynamics at MIT, which moved to Michigan after his death. RCGD colleagues were among those who founded the National Training Laboratories (NTL), from which the T-group and group-based OD emerged. In the UK, working as close as was possible with Lewin and his colleagues, the Tavistock Institute of Human Relations was important in developing systems theories. Important too was the joint TIHR journal Human Relations, although nowadays the Journal of Applied Behavioral Sciences is seen as the leading OD journal. Organizational change management is the process of developing a planned approach to change in an organization. Typically the objective is to maximize the collective benefits for all people involved in the change and minimize the risk of failure of implementing the change. The discipline of change management deals primarily with the human aspect of change, and is therefore related to pure and industrial psychology. Many technical disciplines (for example Information technology) have developed similar approaches to formally control the process of making changes to environments. Change management can be either 'reactive', in which case management is responding to changes in the macroenvironment (that is, the source of the change is external), or proactive, in which case management is initiating the change in order to achieve a desired goal (that is, the source of the change is internal). Change management can be conducted on a continuous basis, on a regular schedule (such as an annual review), or when deemed necessary on a program-by-program basis. Change management can be approached from a number of angles and applied to numerous organizational processes. Its most common uses are in information technology management, strategic management, and process management. To be effective, change management should be multi-disciplinary, touching all aspects of the organization. However, at its core, implementing new procedures, technologies, and overcoming resistance to change

Businees Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Businees - Essay Example By selecting an individual from this way we will be able to understand this particular topic more clearly. If you cannot think of an firm, individual or industry according to the need, the we can go to Auraria Library and review the Denver Business Journal: Book of Lists, which is annual publication that provides contact information for top ranking companies in Denver, across a range of discipline. But it must be keep in mind that while selecting the data regarding this that the individual who will be choose for the interview must be the founder , co-founder or member of the original management team that started the company. The company must also still be in existence today. The choice of company or sector is completely upon the interviewer. It may be a high wealth company, a small company, a small lifestyle business, or a company that started small but is now experiencing significant growth. 1. First step regarding this is to one has to contact with the desired company or interviewee as soon as possible. Entrepreneurs are busy person. So to get an appointment from a busy person can be a bit difficult job. If positive results are not coming in the first approach then have to try again and again. 3. Now a convenient meeting time and place have to be fixed for both the interviewer and the interviewee. The time must be set in such a way so that the interviewer can get time to prepare the question what is going to be asked in the interview. 2) A recording can be done of the interview with the permission of the entrepreneur. This is so because lots of information can come within half an hour. So if any point is missed by the interviewer he/ she can get it through the recording. The outcome of the interview is iTriage is a consumer health care company founded in 2008 by two emergency medicine physicians. Over 9 million health care consumers

Homeopathy degree-Anatomy & Physiology module- Written assessment Essay

Homeopathy degree-Anatomy & Physiology module- Written assessment - Essay Example 33). However, some plausible risk factors which should be looked at before diagnosis are genetics and aging. A patient with the disease might have inherited it from their mothers. The malady has been suggested to result from changes in chromosomes or genes. Therefore the patient’s history on this malady should be well established based on the medical pedigree, (Cooke & Trickey 2002, pp. 50). The disease is commonly experienced by women aged around 25 to 35 years old as well as women in postmenopausal age. Post menopausal women are characterized by high levels of aromatase and the hormone progesterone resistance. However, it should not be a surprise if it is reported in young girl of age 11, (Garcia-Velasco & Rizk 2010, p. 19). Some of the complications which might be realized apart from infertility related to scars formed in the process of endometriosis and due to release of cytokines and other chemical agents which interfere with reproduction are chronic pelvic pains and endometriomas (large cysts). All these defects might be related to treatment procedure such as hormone treatment which might result in release of the said chemicals and some medical implants done during surgery which may block gastrointestinal tracts. Generally the referred red flags are the age, severity of the disease, genetics and probably the reoccurrence of the disease as a complication. (Storck 2 011, p. 1) Hormone treatment: Hormone treatment is done to improve symptoms such as painful menstruations, painful intercourse and painful pelvic by suppressing endometriosis. The drugs administered t break the cycle of incentive and bleeding includes progesterone pills or injections, gonadotropin and danazol (Stops the production of estrogen by the ovaries), contraceptive pills (prescribed for mild endometriosis in young women), and mirena coil (reduces the amount of blood flow during menstruation), (Tulandi & Redwine 2004, p. 31). Surgery can be pelvic

Media Analyisis - Big Brother Essay Example for Free

Media Analyisis Big Brother Essay The first feature I observed about Big Brother is how it follows the generic conventions of reality TV. This is particularly true of the narrative; Big Brother shares the same main enigma code of who will win? as various other reality TV programmes such as Strictly Come Dancing, Fame Academy, and Celebrity Love Island. The fact that Big Brother places such emphasis on competition with tasks and challenges constantly presented to the contestants, means that the narrative is based on conflict. The process of nominations is a prime example of this. This again follows the generic conventions of reality TV and is an important factor considering that this genre is based on causality. In a show based on character interaction and emotion it is important to have an element of conflict as it produces greater reactions and drama. However, whilst Big Brother follows the conventions of reality TV, the genre of reality TV is actually very unconventional. Reality TV is actually a hybrid of soap/game show/ documentary which have been merged to create an entirely new genre; this makes it a bricologe. Bricologe is a new media concept and is a good example of how genre must keep changing to avoid repetition to the point of boredom (Tessa Perkins). The mode of address is also typical of other reality shows. Big Brothers presenters talk directly to the audience, giving the show a more personal and inclusive feel; this ensures the audience can relate to the show more easily. Big Brother also employs a voice over which is needed due to practicity issues. The voice used may be formal but the fact that a variety of accents are used (in particular Geordie) means the audience dont feel alienated. I believe that the formality of the voice over is used to give the show more credibility as opposed to a more sensationalist feel. Big Brother also features strong binary oppositions in the form of characters; this is a decision again based on the importance of causality. The housemates were all chosen due to their strong personalities; the producers are aware that this will produce a greater interest and reaction from the public whilst also ensuring that there is likely to be a clash of personalities in the house, resulting in more drama. Examples of character binary oppositions are Grace and Niki. They are bother from very different backgrounds and have different values and morals. Grace comes from a privileged background, going to an all girls school and living in a flat in London that her parents pay for. However she is independent and appears decisive and strong-willed. Grace appeared to look down her nose on what she considers to be slutty women with no class, especially those involved in the glamour industry. Niki on the other hand, works as a glamour model, promotions girl, and dancer, which immediately clashes with Graces morals. Character wise, she is the opposite of Grace; she is very fussy, indecisive, and emotional. Her goal in life is to marry a footballer and not have to work. It is not just Niki and Grace who are binary oppositions; based on their individual tapes every single housemate is in theory an opposition of each other. As I mentioned earlier, this was purposely done in order to cause conflict in the house. The main enigma code is also based on causing conflict, and that is; who will win? The competitive ideology of the programme ensures there will be friction between the housemates. This is reflective of the hegemonic ideology of todays rat race. The other less major enigma codes, such as romances and the tasks ensure that the audiences interest is held at all times. The bright, synthetic lighting of the Big Brother house creates a claustrophobic environment, this again encourages conflict. An important point to consider when analysing Big Brother is the fact that its makes use of selective editing; it is an example of mediation as it uses editing to influence the viewers opinions of the housemates. E. g. by continuously showing clips of Grace bitching exaggerates her nastiness and portrayed her as a villain. Big Brother uses this to get a greater reaction from the public with the aim of keeping in the housemates that provide the most entertainment. Big Brother also retains the power to influence the viewers opinion of the housemates through shot composition and editing; this can completely change or form the representation of a housemate. This is extremely important as the housemates were all chosen to play different parts and portray different stereotypes therefore Big Brother aims to represent them as their allotted characters. An example of this is Nikis portrayal as a spoilt yet loveable drama queen; the programme is edited in a way that shows her tantrums in a humorous light. This was particularly true in the run up to her and Graces eviction, when it was quite obvious Big Brother wanted Niki to remain in the house. Glyn is another example of stereotypical representation, being represented as your typical oversexed, slightly naive, awed country boy. Big Brother again had a part to play in this representation by focusing on his naive comments and fantasising. On a broader scale, Big Brother is not only representing its housemates but is also a reflection of society.

Look At What Is Counselling Psychology Essay

Look At What Is Counselling Psychology Essay Counselling in the broad sense of the term is simply expressing your ideas about how someone can improve their situation. Human beings are always faced with issues that involve a degree of anxiety. An obstacle or challenge is presented by poor choices or circumstances, and a decision must be made about how to approach the issue in order to reduce the tension and restore hope. Everyone becomes a counsellor for themselves or for others whenever the challenge is presented or arises. Counselling is a principled relationship characterised by the application of one or more psychological theories and a recognised set of communication skills, modified by experience, intuition and other interpersonal factors. It may be of very brief or long duration, take place in an organisational or private practice setting and may or may not overlap with practical, medical and other matters of personal welfare. It is both a distinctive activity undertaken by people agreeing to occupy the roles of counsellor and client. The goal in learning counselling skills is to present ideas in a way that is intentional and that can be predicted to improve a situation faced by the person. (Daniel Keeran, 2012). 2. Making clients feel safe in a counselling session The main focus of Person Centred counselling is in creating a therapeutic relationship between counsellor and client.   The client needs to be able to talk about whatever they need to, share their intimate thoughts and explore sometimes difficult feelings.   For this the client needs to feel able to fully trust the counsellor; they need to  feel safe, supported and that they will not be judged. The  counsellor works at creating the right environment in which a client feels able to look at  themselves and develop a greater understanding of their own thoughts, feelings and meanings. The counsellor is not there to analyse the client or give them advice, but instead to be alongside them, supporting them and helping them to explore their own issues, with the belief that the client with come to find their own answers. Paying attention to meeting, greeting and seating For counselling to be effective, the counsellor needs to work at building a relationship for equals especially in the early stages where the counsellor might be feeling vulnerable and insecure. Also considering that the client is meeting the counsellor on unfamiliar territory.i.e. The counsellors consulting room. Striving to keep the room neutral is a positive step the counsellors can take in order to keep the equality gap i.e. free from personal belongings such as books and family photographs. (Daniel Kareen, 2010) Greeting the client can be fairly informal especially greeting clients with their first names, it can make clients feel comfortable and accepted and introducing yourself by your first name can break down the barriers. If the client does not feel comfortable, the counsellor can ask the client how they would like to be addressed. BUILDING SAFETY Be aware of helping the client feel safe in counselling If a client is very resistant, not willing to talk, what hes telling us nine times out of ten is that he doesnt feel safe enough to talk about whatever he needs to talk about. And so Ill say to him, I wonder if you feel safe enough in this setting to talk about the things that you need to talk about? There are also people who say they didnt think of anything worth talking about. They didnt think anyone wanted to listen because theyve had a history of nobody listening. You can make a reflection of that. You could say, So maybe youre saying that what you have to say is not worth talking about, or you feel other people dont care about what you have to say? Id want to hear more about that. Id say, Say more about that. Where is that coming from? Whats that about? So reflect that back to them and keep the process going:Talk more about that. If you have a client who is aware of counselling skills you may engage her in lighter conversation, something thats easier to talk about, something safer. That may be feeding into the defence, though. Its saving her from the difficulty. So what I may be willing to say is, Maybe youre feeling a little uncomfortable about talking about this right now? Is that accurate? (Candy P. Feeler R. Rocco C, 2003) 3. Characteristics of an effective counsellor Good counsellors are emotionally stable Effective therapists have resolved (or at least are aware of) their own emotional issues. Theyre able to handle the stress of helping others deal with psychological disorders, without letting their own issues cause problems. Good counsellors are Introspective and Self-Aware Effective therapists are aware of how their own culture, education, socioeconomic status, values, and religious beliefs affect their practice and interaction with patients. To have a successful career in psychology, a psychologist must set aside his or her own personal beliefs when working with patients. Good counsellors Need Strong Interpersonal Skills Effective therapists are comfortable working with different types of people from all walks of life! A psychologist can have introverted personality traits and still have a successful career in psychology. Good written and verbal communication skills are part of strong interpersonal skills. Good counsellors are Tolerant and Open-Minded Effective therapists are open to new research (that may challenge previously held beliefs in psychology) and new ways of thinking. A good psychologist must also accept clients who cant or wont work on their psychological disorders or issues. Good psychologists also ensure their clients feel comfortable and safe as theyre confiding their deepest secrets and most embarrassing problems. A psychologist also has to inspire trust in the process of therapy. Good counsellors are Patient Effective therapists understand that significant periods of time can pass before clients are able to make changes in life. To have a successful career in psychology, a psychologist must be able to communicate this patience to their clients and their clients families! Good counsellors are Ethical, Moral, and Law-Abiding Effective therapists understand the ethics in working with patients, and know the importance of keeping client sessions confidential. Psychologists must understand the difference between ethics and morals A psychologist must also understand and work within the state or provincial laws and regulations that control the industry. To have a successful career in psychology, a psychologist has to work within the boundaries of the law. Good counsellors Believe in Continuing Education Effective therapists are always learning about new findings in psychological research and new ways to communicate with and help clients. The best psychologists are always brushing up on their own therapeutic skills and people skills; theyre also constantly expanding their knowledge base. Some of these personality and other traits of good psychologists are innate, but most can be learned and developed over time. Individuals who go into a psychology career with many of these personality traits will often find they excel in the field. Good counsellors are Compassionate and Caring Effective therapists are compassionate and can empathize with a clients pain, psychological issues, and other difficulties without judging or making the client feel worse about the problem. (Laurie Pawlikkienlen, 2009) 4. Unconditional Positive Regard, Empathy Congruence are the counsellors or therapists conditions needed to facilitate change. Without these conditions being present a healing relationship cannot form 4.1Understanding unconditional positive regard Besides empathy and congruence, unconditional positive regard is one of the most important core conditions in person-centred counselling. All trained counsellors must therefore be able to demonstrate an understanding of this attribute confidently. Unconditional positive regard requires that a counsellor suspends any form of personal judgment, and accepts the client, regardless of the content of any disclosure they may have made. A judgment is made in a very short amount of time, and overcoming this instant reaction can be difficult for many people. A counsellor however, has undergone specific counselling skills training and is able to provide this unconditional form of therapeutic support. During one-to-one counselling a client is able to freely express his/her emotions, feelings and thoughts, in a safe, totally confidential environment. They are free to explore all thoughts without having to maintain any level of behaviour, and are acceptably able to do so without any fear of condemnation or reject from the counsellor. 4.2Understanding congruence It could be called genuineness, realness, or congruence. The more the therapist is himself or herself in the relationship, putting up no professional front or personal facade, the greater is the likelihood that the client will change and grow in a constructive manner. This means that the therapist is openly being the feelings and attitudes that are flowing within at the moment. Thus, there is a close matching, or congruence, between what is being experienced at the gut level, what is present in awareness, and what is expressed to the client. Once the client is treated as an equal communication will start. If the therapist comes across as an authority or an expert the client will start to tailor their answers to suit this 4.3 There is also empathic understanding. This means that the therapist senses accurately the feelings and personal meanings that the client is experiencing and communicates this understanding to the client. When functioning best, the therapist is so much inside the private world of the other that he or she can clarify not only the meanings of which the client is aware but even those just below the level of awareness. This kind of sensitive, active listening is exceedingly rare in our lives. We think we listen, but very rarely do we listen with real understanding, true empathy. Yet listening, of this very special kind, is one of the most potent forces for change that I know. Empathy or empathic understanding is the next core condition. This is where the therapist picks up on the feelings of the client and reflects this back to the client. This is the process where the therapist can act as a support to the client by making them feel as if the therapist is there experiencing their array of emotions. (The counsellors guide, 2010) 5. Importance of self care for the counsellor Stress Management / Relaxation Techniques An important step in  avoiding burnout is having an awareness of helpful ways to manage stress and exercise counsellor self-care. Know yourself It is important to acknowledge when you feel overwhelmed or distressed. As a professional, it is necessary for you to pay attention to your personal behaviours, body rhythm and physical health. Be aware of the differences between stress and burnout and when you should become concerned. If you are unsure about what you are experiencing,  click on the  link below for a self-assessment to help you determine whether your behaviours and emotions meet the criteria for compassion fatigue.  The  test can be taken at anytime, and  the data collected will determine how at risk you are for burnout as well as measure whether your feelings about helping others have changed. It is a good idea to complete some form of assessment periodically to ensure you maintain your balance and care for yourself  in order to provide  excellent care for your clients. Resting The adult human body requires between 7 to 8 hours of rest for robust health. Sleep deprivation affects the mind and body and can increase stress levels, moodiness and irritation and  negatively impact  mental alertness and physical energy. At the end of the day, it is essential to find ways to relax and let go. Establish a routine before going to bed and make sure to get enough Deep Sleep, allowing for brain rejuvenation. If not enough Deep Sleep is accomplished the body will compensate by shortening other sleep cycles, including the REM cycle. If this cycle is shortened, the brain does not have an opportunity to process and integrate emotions, memories and stress from that day, leaving you emotionally deprived. Eating Well Good nutrition fuels the body and provides the building blocks that help a person handle the stresses of everyday life. Counselling requires considerable physical and mental energy; consuming foods such as fruits and vegetables will ensure you are functioning at the highest level of fitness. With a busy schedule, short lunches, paper work and counselling sessions it is easy to skip meals, eat unhealthy meals or snacks and over-consume caffeinated beverages. These things add little nutritional value, if any, to personal well being. The goal is to consume a balanced diet, eating foods from each food group, drinking lots of water and eating  three balanced meals a day, along with healthy snacks. By eating the proper foods the body is able to restore lost vitamins, minerals and nutrients, an essential part of maintaining your overall health. Exercising Exercising improves individual physical fitness and mental well being.   During exercise endorphins are released, decreasing stress levels and improving endurance, health, mental clarity and fitness. It is suggested that  individuals spend 30 minutes a day doing some form of moderate exercise.  Activities such as taking a walk, jogging, riding a bike, swimming or aerobic classes and weight training improve physical fitness and increase energy levels.   In addition to the physical benefits, exercise has also  been proven to stimulate memory. Relaxing and Renewing On occasion it is crucial to do something for yourself. As a counselling professional, you spend your time caring for others. It is vital to remember you must also care for yourself. This can be accomplished by participating in exercises such as yoga, prayer, meditation, Tai chi and reflective writing. These techniques allow you to escape from the busy world and become one with your soul, giving you time to recharge your spirit. Personal Counselling Having others to share your thoughts and feelings with can help you maintain a healthy lifestyle. Supervisors and colleagues can provide advice and support through difficult circumstances. It is recommended that helping professionals seek professional counselling, as you will continually face subjects or situations which will require you to address unresolved feelings and emotions.   Reflecting Think about your life, what is important and what is not. A person rarely gets everything they want. Be careful not to dwell in negativity. The mind is powerful. The more negative our thoughts about things, the more our actions become negative  or more reflective of those thoughts. We behave as we think. Learn to live a joyful life, doing your best and let the rest take care of itself!   Strive to do well in all things and be thankful. It is important to remember things could be a whole lot worst, no one is perfect, and as long as there is life, there is another chance.  There are a number of exercises that can be used throughout the day to allow you to stop and reflect on things.  A good way to prepare your mind and body for reflection is learning deep breathing exercises and listening to soft music. Time Management Use the time you have wisely. It is critical to use a calendar and prioritize those things in your life that must be done. Remember, no one can do everything and no matter how hard you try you will never be able to make everyone in your life happy. Commit only to those things you feel passionate about and learn to say no to things that do not fit into your plans and priorities. Organize your day, but remain flexible. No matter what our plans include, things will  occur to change  those plans.  Being prepared to make necessary adjustments lessens the pressure you may feel. Humour Laugh until it hurts. It is difficult to be sad and happy at the same time. Laughter releases endorphins, which are responsible for  improving your mood  and helping you to relax. Learn to laugh at yourself and find humour in life stressors. Do not take things so seriously that you miss out on the beauty of laughter and the opportunity to see things through a different lens. On occasion, engage in an amusing comedy show or film and always keep a book of good jokes on hand. (Steven, C, 2004)

Superiority of Computers to Books :: Technology

Half a century ago, people used books for everything related to education. In fact, the human's best source of knowledge and education was the book. If you wanted to look up a recipe, you opened a book. If you wanted to learn how to fix the radio on your car you opened a book called the manual. If you wanted to know Black beard's real name you will have to visit the library and go through hundreds of encyclopaedia pages before finding what you wanted. Now in the 21st century, all you need is a computer with an Internet connection and the whole world is just a click away. Slowly the computer has replaced the book in almost every way. Computers are much better than books because a modern computer can hold a billion times more information than the average 500-page book. If you wanted to do research about Martin Luther King Jr. It would take you at least an hour just to find the right book. Where as using a computer, you can find the same information in less than 5 minutes. Many people use the internet as a dictionary. finding definitions, this way only takes the time to type the word. A laptop computer equal to the size and weight of a book holds data about any topic you can think of. A book only covers a specific topic. A computer can hold much more types of data than a book. When you carry one computer, you are carrying a hundred thousand books. In her essay, Proulx mentions an airplane is the best place to read a book and asks, ?What are planes but giant flying reading rooms Many people use their laptops or the on board entertainment system on a plane rather than reading a book. But, from my experience all I seen on planes is people sleeping, people watching movies and people working on their computers. I have only seen one person reading a book- a 90-year-old who probably doesn?t know what computers are. Proulx also says we can judge what the person is like and their interests by looking at their books. We can only judge a person up to some extent when we look at their books. If we look at their software and files, we can see what they are interested in, and what kind of job they are doing, you can even know the type of music the

Legal Brief Essay

Case name, citation, and court: Ashley County, Arkansas v. Pfizer, Inc, 552 F.3d 659 (8th Cir. 2009) Summary of Key Facts: An ingredient widely used in Pfizer’s products is a necessary ingredient in the manufacturing of methamphetamine in small toxic labs which are responsible for dangerous explosions, burns, and toxic fumes. Arkansas has one of the largest numbers of small toxic labs in the US and is burdened with high costs of fighting the meth epidemic and is seeking to recoup some of the funds that the counties of Arkansas have spent. The Issue: Is Pfizer ethically responsible for assisting in the funding of fighting the meth epidemic? The Holding: Since Pfizer is a major manufacturer of products containing necessary ingredients used in illegal meth labs and the counties of Arkansas has been so heavily financially burdened by these labs, the damages are obvious. The counties have suffered financial loss from battling a drug that could not be made without the ingredients in Pfizer’s products. Because of these damages and Pfizer’s role in the supply of ingredients to drug labs, it is the responsibility of Pfizer to either, repay the counties and finance the future costs of fighting the meth epidemic or find alternative ingredients to use in their products that cannot be used in the manufacture of meth. Summary of Your Reasoning: It is the corporate responsibility of Pfizer to assist in funding the counties’ operations battling meth. Under a corporate citizenship view, Pfizer is responsible for contributing to the solution of the social problem that their products create. Meth is an epidemic rapidly sweeping the nation and it is the responsibility of anyone, or company, with any tie to the drug at all, to contribute to the solution, the same amount that they contribute to the problem.