Homeopathy degree-Anatomy & Physiology module- Written assessment Essay

Homeopathy degree-Anatomy & Physiology module- Written assessment - Essay Example 33). However, some plausible risk factors which should be looked at before diagnosis are genetics and aging. A patient with the disease might have inherited it from their mothers. The malady has been suggested to result from changes in chromosomes or genes. Therefore the patient’s history on this malady should be well established based on the medical pedigree, (Cooke & Trickey 2002, pp. 50). The disease is commonly experienced by women aged around 25 to 35 years old as well as women in postmenopausal age. Post menopausal women are characterized by high levels of aromatase and the hormone progesterone resistance. However, it should not be a surprise if it is reported in young girl of age 11, (Garcia-Velasco & Rizk 2010, p. 19). Some of the complications which might be realized apart from infertility related to scars formed in the process of endometriosis and due to release of cytokines and other chemical agents which interfere with reproduction are chronic pelvic pains and endometriomas (large cysts). All these defects might be related to treatment procedure such as hormone treatment which might result in release of the said chemicals and some medical implants done during surgery which may block gastrointestinal tracts. Generally the referred red flags are the age, severity of the disease, genetics and probably the reoccurrence of the disease as a complication. (Storck 2 011, p. 1) Hormone treatment: Hormone treatment is done to improve symptoms such as painful menstruations, painful intercourse and painful pelvic by suppressing endometriosis. The drugs administered t break the cycle of incentive and bleeding includes progesterone pills or injections, gonadotropin and danazol (Stops the production of estrogen by the ovaries), contraceptive pills (prescribed for mild endometriosis in young women), and mirena coil (reduces the amount of blood flow during menstruation), (Tulandi & Redwine 2004, p. 31). Surgery can be pelvic

Media Analyisis - Big Brother Essay Example for Free

Media Analyisis Big Brother Essay The first feature I observed about Big Brother is how it follows the generic conventions of reality TV. This is particularly true of the narrative; Big Brother shares the same main enigma code of who will win? as various other reality TV programmes such as Strictly Come Dancing, Fame Academy, and Celebrity Love Island. The fact that Big Brother places such emphasis on competition with tasks and challenges constantly presented to the contestants, means that the narrative is based on conflict. The process of nominations is a prime example of this. This again follows the generic conventions of reality TV and is an important factor considering that this genre is based on causality. In a show based on character interaction and emotion it is important to have an element of conflict as it produces greater reactions and drama. However, whilst Big Brother follows the conventions of reality TV, the genre of reality TV is actually very unconventional. Reality TV is actually a hybrid of soap/game show/ documentary which have been merged to create an entirely new genre; this makes it a bricologe. Bricologe is a new media concept and is a good example of how genre must keep changing to avoid repetition to the point of boredom (Tessa Perkins). The mode of address is also typical of other reality shows. Big Brothers presenters talk directly to the audience, giving the show a more personal and inclusive feel; this ensures the audience can relate to the show more easily. Big Brother also employs a voice over which is needed due to practicity issues. The voice used may be formal but the fact that a variety of accents are used (in particular Geordie) means the audience dont feel alienated. I believe that the formality of the voice over is used to give the show more credibility as opposed to a more sensationalist feel. Big Brother also features strong binary oppositions in the form of characters; this is a decision again based on the importance of causality. The housemates were all chosen due to their strong personalities; the producers are aware that this will produce a greater interest and reaction from the public whilst also ensuring that there is likely to be a clash of personalities in the house, resulting in more drama. Examples of character binary oppositions are Grace and Niki. They are bother from very different backgrounds and have different values and morals. Grace comes from a privileged background, going to an all girls school and living in a flat in London that her parents pay for. However she is independent and appears decisive and strong-willed. Grace appeared to look down her nose on what she considers to be slutty women with no class, especially those involved in the glamour industry. Niki on the other hand, works as a glamour model, promotions girl, and dancer, which immediately clashes with Graces morals. Character wise, she is the opposite of Grace; she is very fussy, indecisive, and emotional. Her goal in life is to marry a footballer and not have to work. It is not just Niki and Grace who are binary oppositions; based on their individual tapes every single housemate is in theory an opposition of each other. As I mentioned earlier, this was purposely done in order to cause conflict in the house. The main enigma code is also based on causing conflict, and that is; who will win? The competitive ideology of the programme ensures there will be friction between the housemates. This is reflective of the hegemonic ideology of todays rat race. The other less major enigma codes, such as romances and the tasks ensure that the audiences interest is held at all times. The bright, synthetic lighting of the Big Brother house creates a claustrophobic environment, this again encourages conflict. An important point to consider when analysing Big Brother is the fact that its makes use of selective editing; it is an example of mediation as it uses editing to influence the viewers opinions of the housemates. E. g. by continuously showing clips of Grace bitching exaggerates her nastiness and portrayed her as a villain. Big Brother uses this to get a greater reaction from the public with the aim of keeping in the housemates that provide the most entertainment. Big Brother also retains the power to influence the viewers opinion of the housemates through shot composition and editing; this can completely change or form the representation of a housemate. This is extremely important as the housemates were all chosen to play different parts and portray different stereotypes therefore Big Brother aims to represent them as their allotted characters. An example of this is Nikis portrayal as a spoilt yet loveable drama queen; the programme is edited in a way that shows her tantrums in a humorous light. This was particularly true in the run up to her and Graces eviction, when it was quite obvious Big Brother wanted Niki to remain in the house. Glyn is another example of stereotypical representation, being represented as your typical oversexed, slightly naive, awed country boy. Big Brother again had a part to play in this representation by focusing on his naive comments and fantasising. On a broader scale, Big Brother is not only representing its housemates but is also a reflection of society.

Look At What Is Counselling Psychology Essay

Look At What Is Counselling Psychology Essay Counselling in the broad sense of the term is simply expressing your ideas about how someone can improve their situation. Human beings are always faced with issues that involve a degree of anxiety. An obstacle or challenge is presented by poor choices or circumstances, and a decision must be made about how to approach the issue in order to reduce the tension and restore hope. Everyone becomes a counsellor for themselves or for others whenever the challenge is presented or arises. Counselling is a principled relationship characterised by the application of one or more psychological theories and a recognised set of communication skills, modified by experience, intuition and other interpersonal factors. It may be of very brief or long duration, take place in an organisational or private practice setting and may or may not overlap with practical, medical and other matters of personal welfare. It is both a distinctive activity undertaken by people agreeing to occupy the roles of counsellor and client. The goal in learning counselling skills is to present ideas in a way that is intentional and that can be predicted to improve a situation faced by the person. (Daniel Keeran, 2012). 2. Making clients feel safe in a counselling session The main focus of Person Centred counselling is in creating a therapeutic relationship between counsellor and client.   The client needs to be able to talk about whatever they need to, share their intimate thoughts and explore sometimes difficult feelings.   For this the client needs to feel able to fully trust the counsellor; they need to  feel safe, supported and that they will not be judged. The  counsellor works at creating the right environment in which a client feels able to look at  themselves and develop a greater understanding of their own thoughts, feelings and meanings. The counsellor is not there to analyse the client or give them advice, but instead to be alongside them, supporting them and helping them to explore their own issues, with the belief that the client with come to find their own answers. Paying attention to meeting, greeting and seating For counselling to be effective, the counsellor needs to work at building a relationship for equals especially in the early stages where the counsellor might be feeling vulnerable and insecure. Also considering that the client is meeting the counsellor on unfamiliar territory.i.e. The counsellors consulting room. Striving to keep the room neutral is a positive step the counsellors can take in order to keep the equality gap i.e. free from personal belongings such as books and family photographs. (Daniel Kareen, 2010) Greeting the client can be fairly informal especially greeting clients with their first names, it can make clients feel comfortable and accepted and introducing yourself by your first name can break down the barriers. If the client does not feel comfortable, the counsellor can ask the client how they would like to be addressed. BUILDING SAFETY Be aware of helping the client feel safe in counselling If a client is very resistant, not willing to talk, what hes telling us nine times out of ten is that he doesnt feel safe enough to talk about whatever he needs to talk about. And so Ill say to him, I wonder if you feel safe enough in this setting to talk about the things that you need to talk about? There are also people who say they didnt think of anything worth talking about. They didnt think anyone wanted to listen because theyve had a history of nobody listening. You can make a reflection of that. You could say, So maybe youre saying that what you have to say is not worth talking about, or you feel other people dont care about what you have to say? Id want to hear more about that. Id say, Say more about that. Where is that coming from? Whats that about? So reflect that back to them and keep the process going:Talk more about that. If you have a client who is aware of counselling skills you may engage her in lighter conversation, something thats easier to talk about, something safer. That may be feeding into the defence, though. Its saving her from the difficulty. So what I may be willing to say is, Maybe youre feeling a little uncomfortable about talking about this right now? Is that accurate? (Candy P. Feeler R. Rocco C, 2003) 3. Characteristics of an effective counsellor Good counsellors are emotionally stable Effective therapists have resolved (or at least are aware of) their own emotional issues. Theyre able to handle the stress of helping others deal with psychological disorders, without letting their own issues cause problems. Good counsellors are Introspective and Self-Aware Effective therapists are aware of how their own culture, education, socioeconomic status, values, and religious beliefs affect their practice and interaction with patients. To have a successful career in psychology, a psychologist must set aside his or her own personal beliefs when working with patients. Good counsellors Need Strong Interpersonal Skills Effective therapists are comfortable working with different types of people from all walks of life! A psychologist can have introverted personality traits and still have a successful career in psychology. Good written and verbal communication skills are part of strong interpersonal skills. Good counsellors are Tolerant and Open-Minded Effective therapists are open to new research (that may challenge previously held beliefs in psychology) and new ways of thinking. A good psychologist must also accept clients who cant or wont work on their psychological disorders or issues. Good psychologists also ensure their clients feel comfortable and safe as theyre confiding their deepest secrets and most embarrassing problems. A psychologist also has to inspire trust in the process of therapy. Good counsellors are Patient Effective therapists understand that significant periods of time can pass before clients are able to make changes in life. To have a successful career in psychology, a psychologist must be able to communicate this patience to their clients and their clients families! Good counsellors are Ethical, Moral, and Law-Abiding Effective therapists understand the ethics in working with patients, and know the importance of keeping client sessions confidential. Psychologists must understand the difference between ethics and morals A psychologist must also understand and work within the state or provincial laws and regulations that control the industry. To have a successful career in psychology, a psychologist has to work within the boundaries of the law. Good counsellors Believe in Continuing Education Effective therapists are always learning about new findings in psychological research and new ways to communicate with and help clients. The best psychologists are always brushing up on their own therapeutic skills and people skills; theyre also constantly expanding their knowledge base. Some of these personality and other traits of good psychologists are innate, but most can be learned and developed over time. Individuals who go into a psychology career with many of these personality traits will often find they excel in the field. Good counsellors are Compassionate and Caring Effective therapists are compassionate and can empathize with a clients pain, psychological issues, and other difficulties without judging or making the client feel worse about the problem. (Laurie Pawlikkienlen, 2009) 4. Unconditional Positive Regard, Empathy Congruence are the counsellors or therapists conditions needed to facilitate change. Without these conditions being present a healing relationship cannot form 4.1Understanding unconditional positive regard Besides empathy and congruence, unconditional positive regard is one of the most important core conditions in person-centred counselling. All trained counsellors must therefore be able to demonstrate an understanding of this attribute confidently. Unconditional positive regard requires that a counsellor suspends any form of personal judgment, and accepts the client, regardless of the content of any disclosure they may have made. A judgment is made in a very short amount of time, and overcoming this instant reaction can be difficult for many people. A counsellor however, has undergone specific counselling skills training and is able to provide this unconditional form of therapeutic support. During one-to-one counselling a client is able to freely express his/her emotions, feelings and thoughts, in a safe, totally confidential environment. They are free to explore all thoughts without having to maintain any level of behaviour, and are acceptably able to do so without any fear of condemnation or reject from the counsellor. 4.2Understanding congruence It could be called genuineness, realness, or congruence. The more the therapist is himself or herself in the relationship, putting up no professional front or personal facade, the greater is the likelihood that the client will change and grow in a constructive manner. This means that the therapist is openly being the feelings and attitudes that are flowing within at the moment. Thus, there is a close matching, or congruence, between what is being experienced at the gut level, what is present in awareness, and what is expressed to the client. Once the client is treated as an equal communication will start. If the therapist comes across as an authority or an expert the client will start to tailor their answers to suit this 4.3 There is also empathic understanding. This means that the therapist senses accurately the feelings and personal meanings that the client is experiencing and communicates this understanding to the client. When functioning best, the therapist is so much inside the private world of the other that he or she can clarify not only the meanings of which the client is aware but even those just below the level of awareness. This kind of sensitive, active listening is exceedingly rare in our lives. We think we listen, but very rarely do we listen with real understanding, true empathy. Yet listening, of this very special kind, is one of the most potent forces for change that I know. Empathy or empathic understanding is the next core condition. This is where the therapist picks up on the feelings of the client and reflects this back to the client. This is the process where the therapist can act as a support to the client by making them feel as if the therapist is there experiencing their array of emotions. (The counsellors guide, 2010) 5. Importance of self care for the counsellor Stress Management / Relaxation Techniques An important step in  avoiding burnout is having an awareness of helpful ways to manage stress and exercise counsellor self-care. Know yourself It is important to acknowledge when you feel overwhelmed or distressed. As a professional, it is necessary for you to pay attention to your personal behaviours, body rhythm and physical health. Be aware of the differences between stress and burnout and when you should become concerned. If you are unsure about what you are experiencing,  click on the  link below for a self-assessment to help you determine whether your behaviours and emotions meet the criteria for compassion fatigue.  The  test can be taken at anytime, and  the data collected will determine how at risk you are for burnout as well as measure whether your feelings about helping others have changed. It is a good idea to complete some form of assessment periodically to ensure you maintain your balance and care for yourself  in order to provide  excellent care for your clients. Resting The adult human body requires between 7 to 8 hours of rest for robust health. Sleep deprivation affects the mind and body and can increase stress levels, moodiness and irritation and  negatively impact  mental alertness and physical energy. At the end of the day, it is essential to find ways to relax and let go. Establish a routine before going to bed and make sure to get enough Deep Sleep, allowing for brain rejuvenation. If not enough Deep Sleep is accomplished the body will compensate by shortening other sleep cycles, including the REM cycle. If this cycle is shortened, the brain does not have an opportunity to process and integrate emotions, memories and stress from that day, leaving you emotionally deprived. Eating Well Good nutrition fuels the body and provides the building blocks that help a person handle the stresses of everyday life. Counselling requires considerable physical and mental energy; consuming foods such as fruits and vegetables will ensure you are functioning at the highest level of fitness. With a busy schedule, short lunches, paper work and counselling sessions it is easy to skip meals, eat unhealthy meals or snacks and over-consume caffeinated beverages. These things add little nutritional value, if any, to personal well being. The goal is to consume a balanced diet, eating foods from each food group, drinking lots of water and eating  three balanced meals a day, along with healthy snacks. By eating the proper foods the body is able to restore lost vitamins, minerals and nutrients, an essential part of maintaining your overall health. Exercising Exercising improves individual physical fitness and mental well being.   During exercise endorphins are released, decreasing stress levels and improving endurance, health, mental clarity and fitness. It is suggested that  individuals spend 30 minutes a day doing some form of moderate exercise.  Activities such as taking a walk, jogging, riding a bike, swimming or aerobic classes and weight training improve physical fitness and increase energy levels.   In addition to the physical benefits, exercise has also  been proven to stimulate memory. Relaxing and Renewing On occasion it is crucial to do something for yourself. As a counselling professional, you spend your time caring for others. It is vital to remember you must also care for yourself. This can be accomplished by participating in exercises such as yoga, prayer, meditation, Tai chi and reflective writing. These techniques allow you to escape from the busy world and become one with your soul, giving you time to recharge your spirit. Personal Counselling Having others to share your thoughts and feelings with can help you maintain a healthy lifestyle. Supervisors and colleagues can provide advice and support through difficult circumstances. It is recommended that helping professionals seek professional counselling, as you will continually face subjects or situations which will require you to address unresolved feelings and emotions.   Reflecting Think about your life, what is important and what is not. A person rarely gets everything they want. Be careful not to dwell in negativity. The mind is powerful. The more negative our thoughts about things, the more our actions become negative  or more reflective of those thoughts. We behave as we think. Learn to live a joyful life, doing your best and let the rest take care of itself!   Strive to do well in all things and be thankful. It is important to remember things could be a whole lot worst, no one is perfect, and as long as there is life, there is another chance.  There are a number of exercises that can be used throughout the day to allow you to stop and reflect on things.  A good way to prepare your mind and body for reflection is learning deep breathing exercises and listening to soft music. Time Management Use the time you have wisely. It is critical to use a calendar and prioritize those things in your life that must be done. Remember, no one can do everything and no matter how hard you try you will never be able to make everyone in your life happy. Commit only to those things you feel passionate about and learn to say no to things that do not fit into your plans and priorities. Organize your day, but remain flexible. No matter what our plans include, things will  occur to change  those plans.  Being prepared to make necessary adjustments lessens the pressure you may feel. Humour Laugh until it hurts. It is difficult to be sad and happy at the same time. Laughter releases endorphins, which are responsible for  improving your mood  and helping you to relax. Learn to laugh at yourself and find humour in life stressors. Do not take things so seriously that you miss out on the beauty of laughter and the opportunity to see things through a different lens. On occasion, engage in an amusing comedy show or film and always keep a book of good jokes on hand. (Steven, C, 2004)

Superiority of Computers to Books :: Technology

Half a century ago, people used books for everything related to education. In fact, the human's best source of knowledge and education was the book. If you wanted to look up a recipe, you opened a book. If you wanted to learn how to fix the radio on your car you opened a book called the manual. If you wanted to know Black beard's real name you will have to visit the library and go through hundreds of encyclopaedia pages before finding what you wanted. Now in the 21st century, all you need is a computer with an Internet connection and the whole world is just a click away. Slowly the computer has replaced the book in almost every way. Computers are much better than books because a modern computer can hold a billion times more information than the average 500-page book. If you wanted to do research about Martin Luther King Jr. It would take you at least an hour just to find the right book. Where as using a computer, you can find the same information in less than 5 minutes. Many people use the internet as a dictionary. finding definitions, this way only takes the time to type the word. A laptop computer equal to the size and weight of a book holds data about any topic you can think of. A book only covers a specific topic. A computer can hold much more types of data than a book. When you carry one computer, you are carrying a hundred thousand books. In her essay, Proulx mentions an airplane is the best place to read a book and asks, ?What are planes but giant flying reading rooms Many people use their laptops or the on board entertainment system on a plane rather than reading a book. But, from my experience all I seen on planes is people sleeping, people watching movies and people working on their computers. I have only seen one person reading a book- a 90-year-old who probably doesn?t know what computers are. Proulx also says we can judge what the person is like and their interests by looking at their books. We can only judge a person up to some extent when we look at their books. If we look at their software and files, we can see what they are interested in, and what kind of job they are doing, you can even know the type of music the

Legal Brief Essay

Case name, citation, and court: Ashley County, Arkansas v. Pfizer, Inc, 552 F.3d 659 (8th Cir. 2009) Summary of Key Facts: An ingredient widely used in Pfizer’s products is a necessary ingredient in the manufacturing of methamphetamine in small toxic labs which are responsible for dangerous explosions, burns, and toxic fumes. Arkansas has one of the largest numbers of small toxic labs in the US and is burdened with high costs of fighting the meth epidemic and is seeking to recoup some of the funds that the counties of Arkansas have spent. The Issue: Is Pfizer ethically responsible for assisting in the funding of fighting the meth epidemic? The Holding: Since Pfizer is a major manufacturer of products containing necessary ingredients used in illegal meth labs and the counties of Arkansas has been so heavily financially burdened by these labs, the damages are obvious. The counties have suffered financial loss from battling a drug that could not be made without the ingredients in Pfizer’s products. Because of these damages and Pfizer’s role in the supply of ingredients to drug labs, it is the responsibility of Pfizer to either, repay the counties and finance the future costs of fighting the meth epidemic or find alternative ingredients to use in their products that cannot be used in the manufacture of meth. Summary of Your Reasoning: It is the corporate responsibility of Pfizer to assist in funding the counties’ operations battling meth. Under a corporate citizenship view, Pfizer is responsible for contributing to the solution of the social problem that their products create. Meth is an epidemic rapidly sweeping the nation and it is the responsibility of anyone, or company, with any tie to the drug at all, to contribute to the solution, the same amount that they contribute to the problem.

Neanderthal-Homo Sapiens Hybri essays

Neanderthal-Homo Sapiens Hybri essays Implications of Neanderthal-Homo Sapiens Hybrid from the Abrigo do Lagar Velho (Portugal) In a recent excavation at Abrigo do Lagar Velho in Portugal, Duarte et al (1999) unearthed what was later to be recognized as early human skeletal remains which pointed to interbreeding between Neanderthal and Modern Humans during the mid - upper Palaeolithic transition. The morphology of the remains, belonging to a child of approximately 3-4 years old, indicates a Neanderthal typology in post-cranial features, and more modern cranial features. The find has been cited as evidence of hybridization between the two traditionally separate human lines, and offers an explanation to the question of Neanderthal extinction. (Trinkaus 1999) Anthropologists are now offered a line of evidence pointing to the contemopranity of Moderns and Neanderthals in parts of Europe and assumptions can be made about their contact: "The discoverers...are making a ground-breaking claim, that the skeleton shows traces of bo th Neanderthal and modern human ancestry, evidence that modern humans did not simply extinguish the Neanderthals, as many researchers had come to think. Instead the two kinds of human were so alike that in Portugal, at least, they intermingled...for thousands of years." (Kunzig, 1999) By examining the theories of human evolution, and looking at the cultural evolution of tool technology as well as the biological transitions and differences between the two types of humans, we can see that this hybridization just might be the answer. Perhaps this find will be able to tell us what exactly did happen to the Neanderthals. Firstly, it is useful to have an overview of the different theories of human evolution, or I should say the two most widely accepted views as accepted by palaeo-anthropologists in the field. For some years now it has been the contention that the origins of modern humans stem from either a continuous evolution from archaic to modern humans in loc...