The Positioning, Entrepreneurial and Cognitive Schools of Strategy Essay - 1

The Positioning, Entrepreneurial and Cognitive Schools of Strategy - Essay Example It is most commonly used in conducting research on linguistic, history, communication, psychology, political science, education and the study of complex organizations (Waltz, et al, 2010). Strategy content research is especially used in conducting research targeting the often extremely turbulent nursing and healthcare research programs because it is able to provide a basic and relevant approach is suitable in both approaching and retrieval of information and data from a large number of sources in a manner that can be perceived as being more objective and systematic in comparison to intuitive listening or reading this is, in addition to its utility as, a feasible tool in data analysis strategy when one conducts qualitative research (Waltz, et al, 2010). When applied in the conduction of quantitative research, the method invokes the objective simplification and reduction of the recorded data and language to a simple set of categories each representing frequency, intensity or presence of selected characteristics. Strategic thinking is critical in order for one to be able to engage in an effective, strategic planning process. There are several actions that a person can undertake to enable them conduct an effective, strategic planning process. A person needs to try and engage in activities, whether physical or mental that support and encourage the development of strategic thinking on their part. Individuals are encouraged to try and participate in creative art forms. It also greatly aids an individual if the said individual secures the services of a good mentor or coach who can be able to guide them through essential reflective processes involving critical reflection, critical dialogue and critical inquiry. This should be done until it eventually becomes a habit (Sloan, 2012). The use of Constructivist approach can also aid in ensuring adequate mental processes are carried out before an effective mental planning process can be carried

Cooperation Between Government and Adults From the Age of 18 to 25 Term Paper

Cooperation Between Government and Adults From the Age of 18 to 25 - Term Paper Example It can be either in form of words- written or spoken, gestures and body language, tone, pitch and timing of voice, symbols and listening (Phillips 3). Communication can also be done through the way we dress, the things we wear like wedding rings, the tattoos we make on our bodies, the types of cars we drive and so on (Karen 3). There are various practical points which if adapted can make an interpersonal communication better. According to Black (1), these can include speaking for one’s self, discussing ones feelings, revealing ones intentions, explaining what you mean, speaking specifically, getting straight to the point, asking one’s self whether what you want to communicate is relevant and listening carefully to others when communicating. Communication is a two way process-involving sharing of information and it is very important in enabling someone to get along well with others and getting this done (Phillips 3). It depends with size and nature of the audience so wha t can be good for one individual can be very inappropriate for a crowd or a group of people (Vanita 6). According to Boone and Kurtz (297), every communication takes place in some sort of situation or cultural context, which can influence on how well the process will work. For example the way two people might speak to each other in an office is different from how the same two people will be expected to speak to each other on a party gathering. Good communication is very important either to a normal person, a leader, a family, an organization or even to a nation. According to Phillips (3), ability to communicate well results to relationship growth, personal growth and even personal happiness in general. The process by which communication skills are developed is not that much understandable. It is believed that communication skills grow throughout someone’s life form learning how to express one’s self by an infant to the ability to write, speak, listen, read, understandi ng symbols etc. of a well educated adult (Caputo et al 115). Background (community chosen) Aberdeen Township is a town in Monmouth County of the state of New Jersey with a population of 17454 persons per the 2000 USA census. It has a total area of 7.8 sq. miles of which 5.5 sq. miles is land and the remaining is water. It is believed that water makes up around 28.61% of the total area of this town. This township has got 6421 households and 4770 families as per the 2000 USA census and a population density of 3152 people per sq. mile (Aberdeen 1). This community uses the Council Manager form of governance in which a policy making power is concentrated on the council with the mayor presiding its meetings and a municipal chief executive and administration officer appointed to manage it. It adopted this name about 35 years ago and has grown to become a suburban Township with a mixture of residence, light industry, and shopping centers. This community has several boards, which assists the management in making and implementing policies. Some of these boards include Aberdeen Green Team, Community Development Board, Environmental & Shade Tree Advisory Board, Planning Board, Recreation Advisory Board, Senior Citizens Advisory Board and Zoning Board of Adjustments (Aberdeen 1). The Township has two volunteer fire companies that

Japanese-Americans and the Constitution :: Japanese-Americans concentration camps WWII

Japanese-Americans and the Constitution A Review of the Smithsonian's "A More Perfect Union" Website Brief Description and Museum's Purpose "A More Perfect Union: ..." is organized as a chronology of events centering around one basic theme: the confinement of Japanese-Americans to "concentration camps" during WWII. I believe the message being conveyed to the public is one of a major apology to these Japanese-Americans and their descendants for the great injustices forced upon them. In addition, the museum attempts to warn the overall public that since such a violation of the constitution has proven possible in the past, we cannot blindly rely on the fabric of our constitution to prevent such injustices from occurring again. We must proceed with caution in matters of civil liberties and work towards achieving a "more perfect union". Organization As indicated above, the exhibit is theme-based, centered around a historical period of time. Because of this, there is a large proportion of text, revealing background history, in relation to the actual artifacts. In my second, more thorough run-through, I certainly found myself reading more than looking at "things". In fact, it seems as though the exhibit only tells the true chronological history to those patient enough to read all of the text. A less thorough visit to the exhibit will undoubtedly result in a skewed view of the past. I will address this issue later in the Critical Assessment section. The exhibit has an obvious beginning (with a mural of the Constitution and an introduction video) and then leads the visitor through a somewhat delineated path towards the exit. There is some freedom to back-track, skip around, and even to go through the entire exhibit backwards if you wish. However, during my time in the exhibit, I observed nearly everyone following the predescribed path. Along this delineated path, the exhibit seems to be broken down into five main "subthemes": the Japanese migration to the U.S., the incarceration process, life inside the detention camps, U.S. military involvement by the Japanese-Americans, and repairing the Constitution. By traveling through the exhibit in this order, the visitor gets a feel for the basic chronology of the events and perhaps how one event led into the other. Critical Assessment Effectiveness and Biases: I believe the exhibition team did an excellent job of conveying their intended message although I am not in total agreement with it. Again, this message is to apologize for the Americans who acted out of hysteria in imprisoning a multitude of fellow citizens who were completely innocent.

Environment pollution argument Essay

Perhaps no invention affected American everyday life in the 20th century more than the automobile (UsHistory.org, 2008). Technology for the automobiles existed in the 19th century, but it took until the 20th century for Henry Ford to make automobiles accessible to the American public. The automobile drastically changed the lives of Americans for the better, not only did it improve transportation, it also created an economic boost for them. The demand for rubber skyrocketed and road construction created thousands of jobs. State and local governments began funding highway designs and the federal government became involved with the Federal Highway Act of 1921 (UsHistory.org, 2008). This act required each state to designate a system of state highways not to exceed seven percent of the total highway mileage in each state. Gas stations began to appear and mechanics could earn a living by fixing the inescapable problems with automobiles. Obviously two well established industries, oil and st eel, received a serious boost by the demand of automobiles. People could travel longer distances causing the need for motels, fast food places, and diners. In the beginning, automobiles made life better for humans, but with the growing number, environmental issues began to appear. In this unperfected world, the combustion process caused by automobile engines emits several types of pollutants. The exhaust from automobiles is generated by the chemical and mechanical process that occurs in order for a vehicle to work, this exhaust is what pollutes the air. Exhaust pollutants include hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. Smog is a word formed by smoke and fog. The leading cause of smog comes from the releasing of pollutants in the air from gasoline and diesel-run vehicles, industrial plants and activities, and heating due to human activities. Burning gasoline in automobiles releases carbon dioxide, which is the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions in  the United States (Conserve Energy Future, 2013). Increased heat in the atmosphere causes ecosystems and weather patterns to change, such as the rise of sea levels and affects rainfall patterns. Humans can experience short term and long term affects due to exposure of air pollution. Short term effects, usually are temporary, can range from nausea to bronchitis. While long term effects can in clude heart disease and lung cancer leading to death. In 1952, over 3,000 people died in what became known as London’s â€Å"Killer Fog.† The smog was so thick that buses could not run without guides walking ahead of them carrying lanterns (United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2012). Events like this alerted humans of the threats air pollution poses to human health. In 1963 several federal and state laws were passed including the original Clean Air Act, this produced funding to study the effects and help clean up air pollution. In 1970 Congress passed a stronger Clean Air Act and created the Environmental Protection Agency, known as the EPA. Again in 1990 Congress expanded the Clean Air Act, which gave the EPA more authority to implement regulations lowering pollutant emissions. Worldwide, many countries have taken steps to reduce or limit greenhouse gas emissions to combat global warming. The Kyoto Protocol, first adopted in Kyoto, Japan, in 1997, is an agreement between 183 countries that they will work to reduce their carbon dioxide emissions. The United States has not signed that treaty (National Geographic Education, 1996) . Along with human health, automobiles pose a threat to the environment in ways of global warming, water pollution, and acid rain. Global warming is affected by the greenhouse gases, like carbon dioxide, which are emitted through automobile exhaust. Vehicles require fluids like motor oil, antifreeze, gasoline, and refrigerants. These fluids are easily leaked from a vehicle or can be disposed of improperly and can end up in aquatic ecosystems. When rain occurs it washes everything on the ground, including leaked car fluids, into sewage drains that lead into our oceans and other aquatic ecosystems. Automobile fluids are toxic to animals affecting their immune and respiratory systems. Acid rain changes the PH balance of waterways and can harm the organisms that rely on them. The nitrogen and sulfer oxides that are released from automobiles are major contributors to acid rain. Electrical motors date back to the 1800’s, with steam and combustion engines being attempted by the 1900’s, and it was undecided which engine would power  the automobile. At first the electrical motor was the most popular, but the battery life was short and would not allow travel over long distances. As mentioned earlier, Henry Ford introduced a combustion engine that rejected the idea of an electrical motor. In the late 1 960’s automobile manufacturers noticed concerns of the growing oil crisis and emissions of gasoline powered vehicles causing them to add electric cars into their line ups. By the 1990’s consumers were converting to electric powered automobiles because awareness of dependency on foreign oil and environmental issues were becoming more knowledgeable. Automobile manufacturers were making electric cars a larger part of their line ups. Modern day consumers have a choice between electric cars and hybrid cars as an alternative choice to gasoline powered engines. Recent electric cars are comparable to gasoline powered engines in terms of speed and travel distance due to recharging stations along the way. Electric cars are nonpolluting, however still have an environmental cost because the recharging of their batteries is done by burning fossil fuels. According to the Electrical Vehicle Association of Canada, even batteries recharged by coal-powered electric generators cut carbon emission roughly in half (Lampton, 1998) Hybrid cars are appealing to consumers who feel limited by electric cars. These cars have a traditional engine and a bank of rechargeable batteries that charge while the car is running. Limited demands of power, like driving around town, uses the charged batteries while high demand of power, like freeway driving, uses the gasoline engine. Although hybrid cars are low polluting, they still have some environmental issues of emissions as gasoline powered engines. The future for humans depends on what they are doing and consuming today. Fossil fuels are eventually going to be depleted and the sooner the dependency is lifted, the longer humans can make them last. Global warming is going to occur, but causing the release of carbon dioxide into the air through the burning of gasoline is only going to make it happen faster. Human health issues regarding air pollution are going to continue to get worse, death is already happening and those numbers are going to continue to rise. Humans depend on automobiles as their primary mode of transportation, but carpooling or public transportation would lessen their carbon footprint. If everyone just did one thing a day to help the envi ronment, maybe they could help sustainability of the Earth. References Conserve Energy Future. (2013). What is Smog. Retrieved from http://www.conserve-energy-future.com/SmogPollution.php Lampton, C. (1998-2013). How Electric Car Batteries Work. Retrieved from http://auto.howstuffworks.com/fuel-efficiency/vehicles/electric-car-battery3.htm National Geographic Education. (1996-2013). Air Pollution. Retrieved from http://education.national geographic.com/education/encylopedia/air-pollution/?ar_a=1 United States Environmental Protection Agency. (2012, March 6). Understanding the Clean Air Act. Retrieved from http://www.epa.gov/airquality/peg_caa/understand.html UsHistory.org. (2008-2013). The Age of the Automobile. Retrieved from http://www.ushistory.org/us/46a.asp

Lateral geniculate nucleus Free Essay Example, 1000 words

Lateral geniculate nucleus The lateral geniculate nucleus is transmission center for visual data that is received from the retina. It happens to both eyes and it takes place in the hemisphere of the brain (Goodale and Milner, 2005). In relation to the following definition, this paper will cover the historical view of the system, based on research and followed by the findings compared to how the system is viewed in the modern world. There have been arguments based on the findings, for example arguments on whether the lateral geniculate nucleus has layers, and if it really has, then how many layers are there and does the number of layers affect the specific species that is being researched? The most important aspect, therefore, is to understand what lateral geniculate nucleus is, how its findings have evolved examples of species sampled and the actual findings in the difference between the historic view and modern view. Lateral Geniculate Nucleus Studies carried out show that in nonhuman primates visual deprivation commencing at different ages have different effects on cells in the magnocellular and pervocellular laminae of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). We will write a custom essay sample on Lateral geniculate nucleus or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now According to Goodale and Milner (2005), lateral geniculate nucleus is a primary system where visual information is sent to the eye from the retina. All this activity happens in the hemisphere of the brain. The LGN acts as the site where ganglion cell axons synapse with neurons which in turn form optic radiations. The visual pathways are mainly described by ophthalmoscopic findings, distinct papillary and visual fields. Such findings make it possible and easy for a person to understand and locate the accurate area where the visual pathway is (Fulton, 2004). Within the LGN there is the thalamus which plays an important role in deciding the sensory information that is transmitted to the cortex. It assists in the encoding the receptive fields which carry out more advanced duties like orientation and direction selectivity. It is important to note that there have been recent findings that have shown that there are other set of retinal ganglion cells proj ected to the Lateral geniculate nucleus. The LGN of a human and old primate contains six layers, these layers are numbered from number one to six ventrally. There are other primates which have two pairs of a LGN with two layers of pervocellular, whereby one layer receiving information from ipsilateral eye and the other receives retinal input from contra lateral eye.

Attempts To Change Electoral College System - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1531 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/06/13 Category Politics Essay Level High school Topics: Electoral College Essay Did you like this example? The preamble to the Constitution of the United States begins with the recognizable phrase, We the people, implying that the form of government laid out in the constitution will be representative of the peoplers will. The formation of the Electoral College in Article II, Section 1, leads to the conclusion that this may only indirectly be the case. The establishment of the Electoral College was the result of compromise as the members of the Constitutional Convention struggled to determine how the President would be elected. While some Founders called for a popular vote, most were at best, reluctant Democrats (Jillson pg. 21). Many did not believe that the common people capable of making the best choice for such an important office in the newly formed government. The Brearley Committee was formed to resolve how the President would be elected. The Brearley Committee proposed that an Electoral College be formed to vote for the President. To balance the interests of large and small states, the Electoral college would give one electoral vote to each state for the for each of the members that state has in Congress. A simple majority would decide the victor. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Attempts To Change Electoral College System" essay for you Create order The original proposal provided that the Senate, in which state representation was equal would select the President from the top five candidates should the Electoral College not reach a majority. When objections that the addition of this power to the Senate made it resemble the aristocracy of Great Britain that America had revolted against, it was decided that the final vote would be made by the House. While the Constitution establishes the Electoral College the states are free to determine the manner in which electors are appointed. There are currently 538 electors in the Electoral College, one for each member of the House of Representatives and the Senate, as well as three who are designated for the District of Columbia. The three additional votes for the District of Columbia were added in 1961 with the ratification of the 23rd Amendment. Despite its name, the electoral college is not a place. (What is the Electoral College,2018). Instead, it is a method that the founding fathers created as a compromise between those who believed that the president should be elected by Congress and those who believed the president should be elected by a popular vote. Many people tend to forget that the Electoral College was created to ensure fairness and is written into the constitution, often misunderstanding what it can and cannot do. To put things into perspective: a voter in Wyoming has over three times as much power in the Electoral College as a voter in California. For every 134,783 people, they get one electoral college vote, while in California 1 vote represents 410,647 people. California has 55 total votes in the the college but in a winner takes all system if 22 electoral college goes to Republican and the rest to Democrat, the staters electoral votes are all Democrat. However, the Electoral College did not always work fairly or in the way, it was meant to. For most of the course of American history, the Electoral College has reflected the views of the populous and the Electoral College results have matched the popular vote. There have been seven instances when the Electoral College either did not produce a majority winner, did not agree with the popular vote or produced an otherwise disputed result. In the election of 1796 electors voted for two candidates without differentiating between the office of President and Vice-President. The candidate who received the majority of electoral votes became the President and the candidate with the next highest number of votes became Vice-President. This election resulted in John Adams becoming President and Thomas Jefferson who ran against him becoming Vice-President. Problems began to arise in elections, most notably in the elections of 1796 and 1800. The election of 1800 showed John Adams and Thomas Jefferson faced off again. This time Jefferson and his running mate Aaron Burr received the same number of electoral votes and the decision was pass to the House of Representatives where Jefferson won ten states becoming President. The elections of 1800 of 1804 led to the ratification of the 12th Amendment in 1804 which called for the electors to cast two votes distinguishing between votes for President and Vice-President and gave constitutionality to the process by which the offices of both with be decided in the event an electoral majority was not achieved thereby solving the complications of the prior two elections. There have been other attempts to change the system, but the closest Congress has come to trying to amend the Electoral College after 1804 have failed to pass the Senate (Electoral College Fast Facts, 2018). The most notable attempt w as made in 1969, which proposed the direct election of a President and Vice President, requiring a run off when neither candidate received more than 40% of the vote (Electoral College Fast Facts, 2018). This proposed resolution made it past the House of Representatives but sadly failed to pass the Senate. The election of 1824 presented a new problem, John Quincy Adams received fewer electoral votes and fewer popular election votes than opposition candidate Andrew Jackson. Since neither received the necessary majority for an Electoral College win the decision was again referred to the House. As stipulated by the 12th amendment the House now had to choose from among the top three candidates, Adams, Jackson and Crawford. The House elected John Quincy Adams President. The election of 1836 resulted in the Vice-Presidential candidate Richard Johnson missing the majority of electoral votes by one. Per the 12th Amendment, the election was referred to the Senate where Johnson was elected. Today, if in the event that the Electoral Colleges is in deadlock or if no candidate receives majority votes, a contingent election will be held (Electoral College Fast Facts, 2018). In this case, the election of the president goes to the House of Representatives. Each state casts one vote for one of the top candidates to select the winner. Only two presidential elections have been decided in the house; once in 1800, and again in 1824 (Electoral College Fast Facts, 2018). In the election of 1876 twenty electoral votes from four states were disputed by Congress and referred to a bipartisan Electoral Commission for resolution of the election. Though Samuel Tilden missed the electoral majority by one vote and won the popular election the commission awarded all twenty disputed votes to Rutherford B. Hayes and he was declared a winner by 185-184 electoral votes. While some may know a bit of how the electoral college votes, there is little known about who these so-called electors are or how they are chosen. Article II, section 1, clause 2 states that electors cannot be a Senator or representative or anyone holding an Office of Trust or Profit under the United States may become an elector (About the Electors, 2018). The selection of these electors is a two-part process. The first part of the process is controlled by political parties in each state. The parties nominate electors at state party conventions or they are chosen by a vote through the central committee (About the Electors, 2018). This results in the presidential candidate having a different set of electors in every election. The second step of electing electors takes place on elections day when votes are cast for the next presidential candidate. When people vote, they are actually voting to select their staters electors. In 24 states the Electoral College can vote for whoever they want to. There is no Constitutional provision or Federal Law that requires electors to vote according to the results of the popular vote in their states. Some states, however, require Electors to cast their votes according to the popular vote (About the Electors, 2018). Usually, the electors stay true to their party values in voting for a candidate, but they are not required to. Electors who have pledged to vote for a candidate but end up not are called faithless electors, but more than 99% of electors vote as they have pledged (About the Electors, 2018). In the past presidential election of 2016, the question of how the Electoral College actually worked came into question. Before this election, it seemed that paid no attention to how the president was elected, they assumed that whichever candidate received the most votes automatically won. This, however, is not the case. When Hillary Clinton won the popular vote but lost the Electoral vote, the nation was baffled. How did that seem fair at all? Claims being made such as Russia hacking the election may or may not be plausible explanations for this, but this is not the first time in history a candidate has won the popular vote and lost the Electoral vote. In 1824, Andrew Jackson won the popular vote and lost the Electoral vote, as did Samuel Tilden in 1876, Grover Cleveland in 1888, and Al Gore in 2000 (Revesz, 2016). Instances like these plant the seed of doubt in the minds of the American people. How can the US still be considered a legitimate democracy if the votes cast do not truly equate to voting for a candidate, but voting for an elector to choose a particular candidate? Attempts to change the Electoral College system have not been successful, but who knows what the future of voting holds in store for the United States?

Communism And Its Impact On Society - 1499 Words

Communism is perhaps one of the most controversial political ideas in society. When most people think of communism, most likely the first thing that they will think of is Russia and the Soviets. Yes, the Soviets did have a vast part of the developing of communist ideas, but there is a lot more to that. Since Karl Marx and his colleague Friedrich Engels first came up with the ideas of communism, it has grown to be one of the most frequent topics in world history. Communism has died down since its peak in the Fifties and Sixties after World War II, but the impact will be marked in history books forever. Now what exactly is this complex political idea? Communism describes a society in which every member owns their resources and wealth and products are equally distributed to every citizen in a society (Thompson 297). Basically, everyone in a communist society is at an equal economic class, there is no first, second, and third class families as in democracy. Many people also mix up a simi lar idea known as socialism, and often use their ideas in interchanging ways. Communism is an extreme version of socialism that refers to an economic and political system (â€Å"The Basics of†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). Socialism is, however, just an economic system. Both socialism and communism have their own ideas, but are relatively similar. Communism is followed today in countries in Asia and ninety miles south of Florida in Cuba. These countries have their own versions of communism, and many past figures of formerShow MoreRelatedCommunism And Its Impact On Society And The Production Of Good And Society Essay1945 Words   |  8 PagesCommunism, the idea I will be looking at the theory of communism, which describes an end to bourgeoisie (private) property, according to Marx. I will argue that it is not a defensible utopia. 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